摘要
白炭黑作为优异的补强填料,在橡胶材料领域有广泛的应用,但是白炭黑在聚合物基体中的分散性和相容性,一定程度上限制了其应用.近年来,随着绿色轮胎的发展,白炭黑结构设计和表面改性获得了广泛关注.本文总结了改性剂种类、改性工艺、结合方式等对白炭黑分散性和补强性的影响,并分析了用不同方式处理的白炭黑对硅橡胶和轮胎橡胶性能的影响.采用液相表面修饰方法是获得高性能、低成本白炭黑的有效途径之一,并可通过纳米二氧化硅参与橡胶聚合的原位合成技术获得具有多种结构的高性能橡胶材料.
Silica is an amorphous material that consist of silicon and oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement interconnected to form a non-regular three-dimensional network of Si-O-Si bonds with silanol groups（Si-OH） present inside the structure and on the surface. As to rubber fillers,silica is of fundamental importance in many rubber applications. However,on the surface of silica,there are massive silanol groups,leading to the strong polarity of silica. The highly polar silica has a poor compatibility with the non-polar rubber matrix,which results in the weak interaction between the silica and rubber matrix. Meanwhile,conventional silica cannot be easily dispersed in the non-polar rubber due to the poor compatibility. Good dispersion of silica in rubber matrix to achieve proper reinforcement effect remains a major issue for the external silica loading in rubber matrix. Therefore,in order to eliminate the drawbacks of silica and improve the compatibility between silica and rubber molecules,it is necessary to reduce the concentration of silanol groups on the surface of silica through surface medication before use,otherwise the incorporation of silica will make no contribution to the improvement of rubber performance. This paper mainly summarizes the effects of the types of modifying agents,the modified process and the interactions mechanism between silica and polymer matrix on the dispersibility and reinforcing efficiency of silica particles. At the same time,the effect of silica prepared with different modified ways on the properties of silicone rubber and tire rubber was also discussed. In addition,the review forecasted that the silica with low cost,high dispersion,functionalization and refinement will be the main development trend in the future. It must be pointed out that with the appearance and development of green tire,the structure design and surface modification of silica have been extensively attracted more attention. Particularly,liquid phase in-situ surface-modification technique can be applied to fabricate high-performance silica with a cost-effective manner in the three kinds of modified methods including wet modification process,the dry process and liquid phase in-situ surface modification. The mechanism of liquid phase in-situ surface modification mainly has two aspects. On the one hand,high dispersible nano-silica or high reactive nano-silica is feasibly prepared by introducing different organic modified agent in the surface of inorganic nanoparticles with combined chemical bonds at the beginning stage of preparation of nanoparticles. On the other hand,in order to ensure the dispersion of nanoparticles with original particle morphology in polymer matrix,the surface microstructure of the nanoparticles can be effectively changed by using various modified functional groups and controlling the modifier dosage. Rubber materials with high performance prepared through in-situ synthetic technology is easily fabricated by directly introducing nano-silica in the polymerization process of rubber,which will be an effective way to design new structure of the rubber materials.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第31期3338-3347,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB654703)资助
关键词
白炭黑
表面改性
硅橡胶
绿色轮胎
原位合成技术
white carbon
modification methods
silicone rubber
green tire rubber
in situ synthesis technology
