摘要
中国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一,借鉴国外灾害应急响应体系建设的经验,有助于提高我国预防和减轻地质灾害的水平。本文通过文献调研,对美国灾害应急响应体系的多层结构进行了梳理。简要介绍了美国以国家响应纲要为依据的地质灾害应急响应与行动计划。并以州级和区域灾害应急行动计划、相关的支持功能或子计划为例,分析了美国地质灾害应急响应体系的特点。在此基础上,本文建议从应急预案体系编制、灾前预防科学研究、应急响应行动规范与协同、应急响应与恢复重建衔接、专业队伍建设等方面,加强中国地质灾害应急响应体系和应急响应能力的建设,这样才能将工作重心从"抢险"、"救灾"的补救性行动,转到灾害研究、风险评价与预防以及高效、有序的应急响应实践中。
China is one of the countries which suffer serious geological disasters. It is helpful for China to consult the experience of the construction of disaster emergency response system from foreign countries. By collecting the related documents,this paper has summarized the multilevel structure of the emergency response system of the United States from the national or federal to the state and local levels. And a brief introduction was made about the emergency response and operation plans for geological disasters on the basis of the National Response Framework of the United States. The characteristics of disaster emergency response system of the United States was analyzed,using the state and regional emergency operation plans and emergency support function annexes or subsidiary plans as examples. Based on the analysis of the emergency response system of the United States,it was suggested that the construction of the emergency response system and emergency response capacity for geological disasters in China can be improved by perfecting emergency response plans,enhancing hazard prevention research,standardizing emergency response operations and coordination of plans,linking up emergency response with rehabilitation and reconstruction,specializing the emergency response crews and training the volunteers. Thus,the focuses of emergency response practice can be turned from a remedial action of emergency rescue and disaster relief to the disaster research, risk assessment and prevention,as well as a more efficient and orderly response operation.
作者
邱维理
庄茂国
张旭阳
徐维盈
曾冯真诚
谭雪贝
QIU Weili ZHUANG Maoguo ZHANG Xuyang XU Weiying ZENG Fengzhencheng TAN Xuebei(School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081 , China)
出处
《中国地质灾害与防治学报》
CSCD
2016年第3期127-137,共11页
The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control
基金
国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1103403)
国土资源部"国家级地质灾害应急防治"专项(1211221481001)
关键词
地质灾害
应急响应
风险管理
美国
中国
启示
geological disaster
emergency response
risk management
United States
china
enlightenment
