摘要
教育的核心经济功能就在于扩大劳动力市场上的人力资本规模和提高其质量,促进经济的增长和创新。但许多经验分析的结果却显示,伴随中国教育发展和人力资本积累,创新表现不足。人力资本的创新效力在理论与经验方面的不一致是本文研究的出发点。基于中国教育发展的实际,本文按照教育财政承担力度将人力资本划分为高等教育人力资本、高中阶段教育人力资本和义务教育人力资本,运用DEA-Tobit两步法分析我国平均人力资本结构对创新的作用,并对比一般性三级教育结构形成的人力资本结构和整体人力资本水平对创新的影响。回归结果显示:1.无论哪种结构划分,高等教育人力资本均对创新具有显著促进作用,中国与国际经验一致;2.就我国现阶段而言,高中阶段教育人力资本也对创新具有显著促进作用,但影响程度小于高等教育人力资本,理论与经验一致;3.就人力资本利用而言,高等教育人力资本促进创新的机制是将其配置到更有效率的非国有部门,反映了创新是教育与劳动力市场共同作用结果;4.中等教育与初等教育人力资本对创新的作用均不显著,整体人力资本水平对创新促进作用远远小于高等教育和高中阶段教育人力资本,这可能反映了以平均受教育年限测度的人力资本难以真实反映人力资本效力。
The kernel economic function of education is what increases the size and quality of human capital in the labor market and promotes the economic growth and innovation.However,empirical analysis shows that China＇s innovation has been in decrease along the development of education and the accumulation of human capital.This paper takes the non-conformance of human capital as the point of departure so as to promote the innovation in theory and experience.Based on the status quo of the Chinese education,we classify human capital into higher education,high school stage education,and compulsory education in accordance with the education financial commitment ratio.The approach is the DEA-Tobit Two-Stage Method adopted to analyze the role of China＇s human capital structure for innovation.The regression results show that,（i）whatever structure is divided,higher human capital promotes innovation significantly,which is consistent with the Chinese and international experience;（ii）at the present stage,the human capital of high school education promotes innovation significantly;however,the impact is less than the human capital of higher education,which is consistent with theory and experience;（iii）on the use of human capital,the mechanism of human capital for innovation is to allocate them to non-state enterprises;it reflects that the innovation is a synergy result of education and labor market.Meanwhile,comparative results show that primary and secondary human capital has no effect on innovation;and the average level of human capital role is far less than higher education and high school stage,which may explain the reason why the average years of schooling of human capital is difficult to measure a true reflection of the effectiveness of human capital.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期169-181,共13页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
中国劳动保障科学研究院科研合作竞选项目"‘大众创业万众创新’对完善劳动关系协调机制的影响与挑战"(LKY-2016jx-17)
关键词
人力资本结构
教育
劳动力市场
创新
structure of human capital
education
labor market
innovation
