摘要
本文对陕西石峁遗址后阳湾地点出土的11个古代黄牛进行了古DNA分析,成功获得了10个古线粒体DNA数据。古DNA序列分析显示石峁古代黄牛全部是普通牛,由近东起源的T3(70%)和T4(30%)世系组成,从一个侧面反映了石峁与欧亚草原的文化交流。通过与周边地区古代黄牛对比分析,我们发现新石器时代晚期和青铜时代早期中国古代黄牛的遗传结构主要以统治性的T3世系为主,同时伴有低频的T4或T2世系。单倍型分析显示石峁古代黄牛的单倍型H1在北方地区广泛分布,反映出龙山时代晚期北方地区古代人群之间存在广泛的交流。单倍型H2在宁夏打石沟和河南二里头遗址中的出现,进一步支持黄牛由甘青地区进入中国并扩散到中原这一路线。
This article presents results of an ancient DNA analysis based on l l pieces of cattle remains from the Houyangwan locus at the Shimao site, Shaanxi. Ten mitchondrial DNA sequences were successfully obtained from these samples. Sequence analysis indicates that the cattle from the Shimao site belongs to Bos taurus, which comprise of lineages T3 （70%） and T4 （30%） originated from Near East. The results reflected the exchange between Shimao and Eurasian Steppes cultures. When combined with data of ancient cattle from surrounding areas, our results show that the general genetic pattern of ancient Chinese cattle was dominated by T3 with low frequent T4 and T2 during the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. The haplotype analysis shows that HI widely distributed in Northern China, suggesting extensive exchanges occurred among ancient populations during the Late Longshan Era. The discovery of H2 haplotype from the Dashigou site in Ningxia and the Erlitou site in Henan further supports that ancient cattle was imported to China via the Gansu-Qinghai region, and were later spread eastward to the Central Plains.
出处
《考古与文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期122-127,共6页
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
基金
国家社科基金(14BKG023)
国家文物局文化遗产保护领域科学和技术研究资助(2013-YBHT-025)
吉林大学青年学术领袖项目(2015FRLX01
2014ZZ006)
第48批教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金
