摘要
目的研究高血压患者运动锻炼现状及影响因素,为今后实施健康促进干预和政策制定提供参考。方法对北京市顺义区879例已确诊原发性高血压患者进行问卷调查和体格检查,问卷基于健康信念模式设计,信效度良好。结果 879例高血压患者每日运动锻炼量M(Q)为3.8(0.0,10.0)千步当量。Kruskal-Walls秩和检验,文化程度(P<0.01)、家庭月收入(P<0.05)及高血压控制好坏(P<0.01)对日均千步当量存在影响。χ2检验,达到六千步/一万步比例从高到低依次为高中/中专/技校(45.8%/33.1%)、初中(40.8%/27.8%)、大专/大学及以上(35.3%/19.6%)、小学及以下(31.7%/20.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高血压控制好的患者(45.4%/33.9%)比例高于控制不好的患者(36.5%/23.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健康信念模式各因素平均得分:感知到运动对健康的影响(22.5±3.4)分,客观障碍(11.1±4.9)分,主观障碍(6.5±3.4)分,自我效能(12.2±3.6)分,提示因素(12.2±3.7)分。多重回归分析,以日均千步当量为因变量,自我效能感、客观障碍和主观障碍的偏回归系数分别为0.493、-0.284、-0.312。结论目前高血压患者的运动锻炼量严重不足,可以通过采取一些措施来提高其自我效能,减少其主观和客观障碍,以促进高血压患者的运动。
Objective To explore the determinants of exercise behavior among the hypertensive patients in Bei- jing, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study enrolleda total of 879 hypertensives from Beijing Shunyi District. A questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement were conducted. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model （HBM） had good validity and reliability. Results Median a- mount of exercise was 3.8 thousand-step equivalent among 879 hypertensives, with quartile of （0. 0, 10. 0）. Kruskal-Wal- lis Test, the three influential factors on average daily thousand-step were education-degree （P 〈 0. 01 ）, family income （P 〈0.05） and blood pressure under control or not （P 〈0. 01 ）. Chi-square test, the proportion of the people achieving six thousand steps/ten thousand steps： high school/secondary technical school （45.8%/33.1%） 〉 junior high school （40. 8%/27.8% ） 〉 junior college/university and above （ 35.3%/19. 6% ） 〉 primary school and below （ 31.7%/ 20. 2% ） , the differences were statistically significant （P 〈0. 05） ; people whose blood pressure under control （45.4%/ 33.9% ） 〉 thoseout of control （36. 5%/23. 1% ）, the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Average score of each factor of HBM was ： perceived the effects of exercise on the health （ 22. 5 ± 3.4 ） , objective barriers （ 11.1 ± 4. 9）, subjective barriers （6. 5 ± 3.4 ）, self-efficacy （ 12. 2 ± 3.6 ） and cues （ 12. 2 ± 3.7 ）. Multiple regression analy- sis, with average daily thousand-step as the dependent variable, the partial regression coefficient of self-efficacy, objective barriers and subjective barriers was 0. 493, -0. 284 and -0. 312, respectively. Conclusion Health promotion strategies of targeted interventions should be taken to improve the situation that physical activities are generally lacking among hyperten- sive, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers and subjective barriers.
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2016年第5期414-418,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7162105)
