摘要
基于物理模型试验,深入讨论了波浪入射角度、相对板宽、相对波高等因素对防波堤消浪效果的影响,并对不同影响因素下防波堤前后水域的波浪形态、透射、反射系数及波能衰减系数变化特征进行了比较和分析.试验结果表明,斜向入射波浪通过双层水平板防波堤传播过程中,防波堤前后水域的波浪形态与波浪正向入射时有显著差别:相对板宽B/L≤0.5、波浪入射角q0_0≥30°条件下,堤前波浪具有显著的三维波浪特征,能量方向分布范围可达60°–90°,但其主方向可保持基本与入射波浪方向一致;堤后波浪主波向与入射波方向有所偏离,表明双层水平板防波堤对斜向波浪有折射作用,0_0≥45°条件下,堤后波浪主要能量方向分布范围可达90°以上.就消防浪性能而言,波浪斜向入射时,与正向入射比较,波能衰减系数(能量损耗)有所降低,但反射系数有所增大.在波浪入射方向为0°–60°试验范围内,综合防浪效果以30°为最佳,其他方向入射时透射系数与正向入射比较差别约±15%左右.
We studied the wave-dissipating performances of the twin-plate breakwater under the consideration of incident wave angle, relative plate width and relative wave height based on physical model tests. Comparisons were, hence, made about the influences of these considered factors on the wave patterns in the fluid regimes at the front and back of a breakwater, refection coefficient, transmission coefficient and energy attenuation coefficient as well. As the models tests indicated, oblique incident waves produced different wave patterns in the two-sided fluid regimes of the multiple-layer breakwater significantly compared with positive incidents waves, after when the waves propagated through the breakwater： with the conditions showing as the relative plate width B/L〈0.5 and the incident wave angle θ≥30°, the waves at the front of the breakwater were typical 3D waves with a scattering angle range of 60°-90° of the wave energy direction, yet the main direction remained broadly consistent with that of the incident waves. However, the main wave direction of the waves at the back of the breakwater deviated from the direction of the incident wave, which manifested the wave refraction occurred in this case. When it came to θ≥45°, the main wave energy direction could be scattered over 90°. Here, the wave energy attenuation coefficient （energy loss） decreased while the reflection coefficient raised, when we compared the oblique with the positive incidents waves, and the transmission coefficients had a difference of about ±15%. The optimum angle for the best wave-dissipating performances of the twin-plate breakwater was found to be 30°, considering the tests＇ conditions （e.g., the wave angle is 0°-60°）.
出处
《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期88-101,共14页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:51079025)
关键词
双层水平板式防波堤
斜向波浪
防浪性能
模型试验
twin-plate breakwater, oblique incident wave, wave attenuation effects, physical model experiment
