摘要
采用PCR和DNA测序技术和生物信息学方法,测定分析了10个中国黄牛品种（群体）和2个外来牛品种共131个体的mtDNA 16SrRNA基因全序列的遗传变异,并分析了品种（群体）间的亲缘关系以及母系起源。结果表明,在12个群体131条16SrRNA基因序列中,共发现了78个变异位点,形成了40种单倍型,揭示了中国黄牛群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。总群体的平均单倍型多样性指数（Hd）为0.857±0.024,平均核苷酸多样性指数（Pi）为0.00582,Kimura双参数品种间遗传距离范围为0.001-0.009,10个中国黄牛品种（群体）核苷酸多样度高于2个外来牛品种。基于Kimura-2-parameter距离采用NJ法构建了10个中国黄牛品种（群体）分子系统树,111个体聚为2簇,即分别与瘤牛和普通牛聚在一起,说明中国黄牛存在两个母系起源,主要起源于瘤牛和普通牛。其中草原红牛和蒙古牛起源于普通牛,恩施牛主要起源于瘤牛,但是对于亲缘关系复杂的中原地区黄牛而言,瘤牛和普通牛对它们的影响力大小因品种而异。这些结果为我国黄牛的种质资源保护、杂交育种和品种改良奠定了分子遗传学基础。
Through PCR and DNA sequencing and bioinformatics methods, genetic variation of the full sequence of the mtDNA 16S rRNA gene, the genetic relationships and maternal origins were studied on the research of 131 samples, including ten breeds of Chinese cattle and two foreign breeds. Among the 131 genetic sequences of these twelve breeds, 78 variable sites were detected and they formed 40 kinds of haplotypes, which indicates the genetic diversity of Chinese cattle. Among the breeds, the average haplotype diversity index was 0. 857＋0. 024. The average nucleotide diversity index was 0. 00582 and the genetic distance between Kimura two-parameter breeds was 0. 001-0. 009. The nueleotide diversity of the ten breeds of Chinese cattle is higher than the two foreign breeds. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of the Chinese yellow cattle based on the Kimura-2-parameter distance indicated that the 111 individuals were grouped into two clades, which suggests that the Chinese cattle have two maternal origins, mainly from Bos taurus and Bos indicus. The Grassland red cattle and the Mongolia beef originate from Bos taurus and Enshi cattle mainly originates from Bos indicus. These results lay the foundation of molecular genetics for Chinese yellow cattle＇s development, utilization of hybrid vigor and cultivation of new beef cattle.
出处
《家畜生态学报》
北大核心
2015年第12期12-18,共7页
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
基金
现代农业(肉牛)产业技术体系专项(CARS-38)
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTZB02-02-02-02
2015KTCL02-08)
国家发改委生物育种能力建设与产业化专项(2014-2573)
