摘要
本文研究了在政府调控下闭环供应链应对突发事件的策略问题。文章首先构造了常规下由政府调控的闭环供应链策略模型,分析了其中的最优策略;然后通过构建闭环供应链应对突发事件的模型,分析了突发事件来临时,政府调控下闭环供应链应对突发事件的策略。研究表明:(1)由政府制定的闭环供应链成员的收益份额和废旧品的回收、再造活动具有抗突发事件性;(2)在突发事件来临时,闭环供应链要根据市场规模变化来调整产品的售价和对系统运作管理的努力程度;(3)政府的调控作用实现了闭环供应链应对突发事件的协调。文章最后采用数值算例进一步证明了研究结论的正确性。
An increasing number of emergencies have caused serious impacts on supply chain management. Many researchers are investigating ways to enhance supply chain management efficiency by effectively dealing with emergencies and managing their damages. This paper examines the pricing strategy of companies in the closed-loop supply chain, the effort of companies for operation management, and government regulation mechanism into a model. In addition, this paper studies the emergency＇s response strategy of the closed-loop supply chain under the control mechanism of government. First of all, a model of closed-loop supply chain strategy under government regulation is established to analyze the optimal strategy. A model of closed-loop supply chain responding to emergencies is then established to analyze the strategy of the chain under the government control when emergencies occurs. Finally, numerical examples are used to further confirm the conclusion. There are seven major findings in this study.（1） Under the government regulation, the revenue share of the companies within a closed-loop supply chain can be determined by its degree of effort. This new way of revenue distribution avoids the defect of traditional distribution, and makes the system members profit depending on not only the pricing strategy, but also the company＇s effort on the operational management in the system. In this way, the members of a closed-loop supply chain can increase their revenue through their own efforts. It is beneficial for companies to enhance their own operational management level, thereby keeping harmonious development of the entire chain.（2） The emergency response strategies of the companies within a closed-loop supply chain can be categorized into two types：（I） the price adjustment strategy, and（II） the adjustment strategy of the operational management effort. When the emergency leads to the bigger market scale, the strategy that manufacturers and retailers should consider is price adjustment. If the market scale doesn＇t expand in the short-term, only price adjustment is enough to respond to the emergency. Meanwhile, the effort level of manufacturers and retailers could be less. If the market scale expands in the short term, it becomes necessary to utilize these two strategies simultaneously. When the emergency leads to a smaller market scale, the strategy that manufacturers and retailers should consider first is the adjustment of operational management effort. Furthermore, if the decrease of market scale is not obvious, a company only needs to enhance its operational management area. Meanwhile, the price of products could increase slightly. If the market scale decreases obviously, it is necessary to utilize these two strategies at the same time.（3） The determination of revenue share distribution by the government could enhance the closed-loop supply chain＇s capability of anti-emergency.（4） The activities of waste recycling and reproduction in the closed-loop supply chain have the effect of anti-emergency.（5） Product price will change with the market scale. When the market scale is getting larger, the price will first decrease and then increase. When the market scale is getting smaller, the price will increase and then decrease.（6） Under the government regulation, the effort of manufacturers and the retailers on either production or sales will change synchronously in response to emergencies. In other words, when the market scale gets larger, the effort on both production and sales will decrease and then increase simultaneously. When the market scale gets smaller, the effort on both production and sales will increase and then decrease. This reflects the coordination efforts spent by manufacturers and retailers in order to respond to emergencies.（7） The large scale of the market caused by emergencies is beneficial to the closed-loop supply chain because it helps it gain more profit. These conclusions could not only help companies understand how to improve their ability of responding to emergencies, but also provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate regulation strategies.
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期145-151,共7页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71173133)
国家社会科学基金资助项目(12CGL024)
济南青年科技明星计划资助项目(20120118)
关键词
政府调控
闭环供应链
突发事件
government regulation
closed-loop supply chain
emergent event
