摘要
【目的】探明黄土高原旱塬区不同覆盖措施（清耕、覆膜、覆草、覆沙）对苹果园土壤理化性状、根系分布及果实品质的影响。【方法】以12 a生苹果树为试材,采用土壤剖面分层取样法,对不同径级根系（直径≤2 mm、2～5 mm、5～10mm及≥10 mm）进行空间分布调查,并对根系生物量、根长、表面积等进行详细分析;测定不同土层土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等。【结果】对照（CK）根系主要分布在距干0～90 cm范围内的20～60 cm土层中;覆草、覆沙处理主要分布在距干0～120 cm水平范围内的0～100 cm深土层中,以20～40 cm根系最为密集;覆膜处理根系水平分布与CK相似,垂直方向使根系主要分布区域提升至0～20 cm土层,占根系总量的36.06%。各覆盖处理均可减小细根根径、增大比根长、减小大根径根系的下扎深度。覆盖处理土壤容重、土壤含水量、孔隙度均与根系总根长、根系生物量、根系表面积、根长密度呈极显著相关。【结论】覆膜处理根系显著上浮,覆草与覆沙可有效增大根系水平分布范围及垂直深度,增大根系的水肥吸收空间;土壤理化性质与根系生长分布密切相关。综合分析根系分布、树体生长与果实产量品质,覆草处理是陇东旱塬区苹果园较为适宜的地表覆盖方式。
【Objective】The effects of different mulching measures（conventional tillage,plastic mulching,straw mulching and sand mulching） on apple root and soil properties in rain-fed highland of the Loess Plateau were studied.【Methods】Twelve years old apple trees were used as materials,using soil profile method and stratified sampling,and different orders of roots（diameter ≤2 mm,2-5 mm,5-10 mm and ≥10 mm） were collected in soil profile to investigate the spatial distribution,root biomass,root length and surface area. Soil bulk density and soil porosity at different soil layers were determined.【Results】Roots of CK treatment distributed mainly in soil layer of depth of 20-60 cm with a distance of 0-90 cm from the trunk. Roots distributed mainly in the layer of 0-100 cm in depth and in a distance of 0-120 cm from the trunk with the treatment of straw and sand mulching. Roots in 20-40 cm close to the ground were the most intensive. Mulching made the horizontal root distribution similar to the CK,but in vertical distribution more roots was in 0-20 cm layer,accounting for 36.06% of the total root system. Mulching treatment reduced fine root diameter,increased the ratio of root length,and decreased the distribution depth of large root. Soil bulk density,soil water content and porosity showed a highly significant correlation with total root length,root biomass,root surface area and root length density under covering conditions. 【Conclusion】 Mulching treatment made roots distribute shallow significantly,straw and sand mulching increased root distribution in both horizon and vertical depth effectively,and also increased the space and the utilization of available water and fertilizer. It means that tree growth and fruiting can be improved. Soil properties were closely related to the distribution of roots. As a result,considering the root distribution,tree growth,yield and fruit quality,straw mulching is the better way of soil management inapple orchard in dry area of eastern Gansu.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期841-851,共11页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
甘肃省青年科技基金计划(1308RJYA074)
陇东旱塬苹果园不同覆盖根系与根系生态效应响应机理研究(2015GAAS27)
行业专项"黄土高原雨养农田水分高效利用技术研究与示范"(201303104)
甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK2010-1)
国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)
农业部西北地区果树科学观测实验站
关键词
苹果园
覆盖
土壤水分
土壤物理性质
根系分布
新梢生长
果实品质
Apple orchard
Ground cover
Soil moisture
Soil physical properties
Root distribution
Shoot growth
Fruit quality
