摘要
在混凝土中加入少量的、至少在一个维度内为纳米尺度(<100 nm)的材料,就可能实现某种性能的提升,达到普通材料无法实现的效果。纳米二氧化硅、纳米碳酸钙、纳米碳管和纤维在改进混凝土性能方面受到越来越多的关注。涂料中二氧化钛纳米粒子可以捕获和分解有机和无机污染物,并使外露的混凝土表面实现自清洁。纳米技术和纳米材料可以使钢筋抗腐蚀能力增强。总的来讲,纳米技术能够使混凝土结构的使用周期中实现包括物质和能量消耗的最小化,同时减少建筑物对环境的负面影响,最终实现建筑物使用中的舒适性和友好性。尽管纳米材料和纳米技术在混凝土结构中有较好的前景,但目前对此类新型材料的对混凝土长期性能了解较少,特别是对其毒性方面的了解更少。随着公众对建筑物各方面安全性越来越关注,需要制定相应的毒性测试分析方法,建立更安全的生产工艺,并在混凝土结构中使用更环保的纳米材料。对纳米技术应用于建筑工业中是否能够真正意义上实现可持续发展进行了综述。
There are numerous evidences to show that if concrete can make use of materials with nano-size （〈100 nm） at least in one direction in small but optimal proportions, its properties can be selectively improved and modified to an extent that could not have been otherwise possible. The nanosilica, nano-carbonate, nano-carbon tubes and fibres are receiving increasing attention in modifying concrete properties. The titania nano-particles in coating can capture and decompose organic and inorganic air pollutants and make the exposed concrete surfaces ＂self cleaning＂. Steel reinforcement can be made corrosion-resistant with the help of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. On the whole, the application of nanotechnology to concrete construction has the potential of minimizing matter （an aggregate of energy and mass） consumed during the whole life cycle ＂from cradle to grave＂, minimizing negative environmental impacts and finally ensuring a comfort of using. Notwithstanding the great promise of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in concrete construction, the long-term safety aspects of these novel materials are poorly understood, particularly with respect to their toxicological liabilities. With increased attention on health hazards, there has been a need to develop new methods of toxicity profiling, safer manufacturing procedures, and application of ＂greener＂ nanomaterials to concrete construction. The present paper is an attempt to review if the construction industry will eventually be a strong beneficiary of nanotechnology with substantial sustainability impact.
出处
《硅酸盐学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期1385-1395,共11页
Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society
