摘要
目的了解近20年我国城市儿童哮喘患病率的变化及特点。方法选择在1990年、2000年、2010年均参与了全国0～14岁城市儿童哮喘患病率调查的城市。调查均在中心城区进行，样本量符合要求。三次调查均通过随机整群抽样方法，使用统一初筛问卷对儿童进行筛查，筛查出的可疑哮喘儿童由I陆床医生通过现场调查确诊。所有数据均进行双录入，使用SPSS19．1统计软件，对三次调查的儿童哮喘患病率（两年现患率），性别、年龄分布，起病年龄，发作诱因等进行分析。结果共16城市进入本次分析，1990年、2000年、2010年16城市总的患病率分别为0．96％、1．66％和2．38％，呈显著上升趋势，其中最明显的为上海和福州。三次调查患病率最高的城市分别为重庆、重庆、上海，患病率最低的均为拉萨。不同性别儿童均为男性患病率高于女性，患病率之比分别为1．49：1、1．66：1和1．57：1。不同年龄阶段儿童，总体上以学龄前儿童患病率较高。儿童哮喘起病年龄表现为近20年逐渐后移，即1990年婴幼儿期起病多（61．8％），2010年则表现为学龄前儿童起病增多（37．5％）。儿童哮喘发作最常见诱因均为呼吸道感染和天气变化。结论16城市中，多数城市儿童哮喘患病率显著上升，0～14岁儿童哮喘总的患病率较10年和20年前分别上升了43．4％，147．9％，儿童哮喘的起病年龄有所后移。儿童哮喘发作的诱因未见显著变化。
Objective To investigate the change and features of prevalence of childhood asthma in 16 cities in the past 20 years. Methods The cities were included in this analysis, where surveys of asthma prevalence in 0-14-year old children were carried out in central area of the city with sample size satisfied in 1990, 2000 and 2010. Random clustersampling and unified screening questionnaire were used for all children. Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by doctors in children suspected with asthma in the screening through field survey. All data was input by double en- try. Prevalence of childhood asthma （incidence in two years） , distribution between gender and age and onset age, and trigger of asthma were anaylised using SPSS V19.0 statistical software. Results Totally 16 cities were included in this analysis. Prevalence of childhood asthma was 0.96% , 1.66% and 2.38% respectively in 1990, 2000, and 2010, showing a significant upward trend. The greatest increase was found in Shanghai and Fuzhou, and with the highest prevalence in Chongqing, Chongqing and Shanghai and the lowest prevalence in La-sa. The asthma prevalence was higher in boys than in girls in oll the three surveys, with the proportions of 1.49 ： 1, 1.66 ： 1, and 1.57 ： 1 respectively. On the whole, preschool children had the highest prevalence compared to other age stages. The onset age of asthma shifted gradually to older children in recent 20 years, with 61.8% of asthma starting in infantile in 1990 and 37.5% in preschool children in 2010. Upper airway infection and change of weather were the most common triggers of asthma. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma in most of cities of China shows a significant rise in 20 years with an increase of total prevalence by 43.4% and 147.9% compared with that 10 years and 20 years ago. The onset age of asthma demonstrates a shift to older children. The trigger for asthma does not change significantly.
出处
《中国实用儿科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期596-600,共5页
Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics
关键词
儿童
哮喘
患病率
城市
children
asthma
prevalence
city
