摘要
本文比较了吴文藻、费孝通和李安宅对知识社会学的引介与消化,以及在此指导下的经验研究,基于此尝试论证三人分别开拓了三种知识社会学的经验研究路径。吴氏以曼海姆的知识社会学为主要依据,主张知识与知识人受限于社会本体论,走向实践改造社会的国家主义。费氏一直到1950年代之前似乎在曼海姆与韦伯之间摇摆;到晚年则尝试从新儒家出发,提出社会科学应借鉴诠释学,关注"心"的问题,从而重新接近张东荪的知识社会学。李氏原先引介曼海姆最积极,后来转向吸收张东荪的思想而走向韦伯,认为应该更全面地考察整个知识系统在社会中沉淀的不同层面。通过上述比较,文章尝试指出,社区研究可能需要与知识社会学结合,才能将我们对国家与社会的理解推至更深处。
Sociology of knowledge was introduced to China by some professors and students of sociology at Yanching University in the 1930s. Its introduction was seen as a tool for constructing a social scientific framework of knowledge in Chinese studies, which would cover community studies of Han Chinese, ethnic studies and overseas studies. The three parts shared a character in common the approach of comparative studies of sociology of knowledge. Under this approach, the sociologists of ＂Yanching School＂ focused on the ethos of community or nation and how ethos were diversely expressed through different kinds of relationships between ideas and institutions. It is through the comparative study of social ethos that the pluralistic structure of Chinese civilization could be examined. To reveal this method specifically, this paper offers a comparative analysis of three key figures＇ works from ＂Yanching School＂.. Wu Wenzao, Fei Xiaotong and Li An-che. These three sociologists developed their own unique path of empirical studies of sociology of knowledge. Wu was a follower of Karl Mannheim and believed that society constrains knowledge and intelligentsia, leading to a type of statism that trusts state to function as a reformer above society through action. Fei seemed to waver between Mannheim and Max Weber until the 1950s. In his late years, Fei began paying attention to New Confucianism and suggested that social science should borrow from hermeneutics and study the question of ＂Mind＂. At this time, Fei actually went back to Zhang Dongsun for the same inquiries. Li was originally the most faithful follower of Mannheim of the three, but he soon turned to Weber under the influence of Zhang Dongsun. He was interested in how the entire system of knowledge was being interpreted and internalized at different levels of society, whether they were elite intelligentsia, the dominant class or common people. All three sociologists cared for the same question., did Chinese civilization achieve its internal order through combining and organizing various types of knowledge system？ With the enormous complicity of modern society, it would be a good idea to incorporate sociology of knowledge and community studies. It will help deepen our understanding of state and society. Sociologists of Yanching School have given us a good start already.
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期103-133,共31页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
知识社会学
燕京学派
吴文藻
费孝通
李安宅
sociology of knowledge, ＂Yanching School＂, Wu Wenzao, Fei Xiaotong, Li An-che
