摘要
极端高温是制约东北农作区玉米生产的主要气象灾害之一.本文通过研究气候变暖背景下玉米不同生育时期内日最高温度大于30℃的积温(AT)和日最高温度大于30℃的天数(AD)的时空变化特征,分析了极端高温对东北农作区不同地区玉米生产的影响,并探讨了应对高温的对策.结果表明:1961—2010年,东北农作区玉米生育期内温度显著升高,开花期(花前花后20 d)最高温度明显大于其他生育时期,玉米全生育期、营养生长期(播种到开花前11 d)、花期和生育后期(开花后11 d到收获)4个时期日最高温度的气候趋向率分别为0.16、0.14、0.06和0.23℃·10 a-1.近50年东北农作区玉米全生育期AT明显增加,西南部地区的AT明显高于其他区域,营养生长期AT的增加趋势明显大于其他两个时期.玉米全生育期AD明显增加,高值区也主要集中在西南部地区,生育后期的AD的增加趋势大于其他两个生育时期.东北农作区玉米生育期内极端高温显著影响玉米生产,其中营养生长期的极端高温对玉米产量的不利影响十分显著,松辽平原地区玉米生产的高温风险明显大于其他地区.优化作物布局,培育耐高温品种,调整玉米生产管理措施,构建防灾减灾玉米生产体系是东北农作区玉米生产应对高温风险的有效措施.
Heat stress is one of the major agro-meteorological hazards that affect maize production significantly in the farming region of Northeast China （NFR）. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of the accumulated temperature above 30℃ （AT） and the accumulated days with the maximum temperature above 30℃ （AD） in different maize growing phases under global war- ming. It further evaluated the impacts of extreme heat on maize yield in different regions, and put forward some adaptation measures to cope with heat stress for maize production in NFR. The results showed that during 1961 to 2010, the temperature in the maize growing season increased significant- ly. The maximum temperature in flowering phase was much larger than that in the other growing phases. Temperature increased at rates of 0.16, 0.14, 0.06 and 0.23℃ every ten years in the whole maize growing season, vegetative growth phase （from sowing to 11 days before flowering）, flowering phase, and late growth phase （from 11 days after flowering to maturity）, respectively. The AT in the whole maize growing season increased in NFR during the last 50 years with the high- est in the southwest part of NFR, and that in the vegetative growth phase increased faster than in the other two phases. The AD in the whole maize growing season increased during the last 50 years with the highest in the southwest part of NFR, and that in the late growth phase increased faster than in the other two phases. Heat stress negatively affected maize yield during the maize growing season, particularly in the vegetative growth phase. The heat stress in Songliao Plain was much higher incomparison to the other regions. The adaptation measures of maize production to heat stress in NFR included optimizing crop structure, cultivating high temperature resistant maize varieties, improving maize production management and developing the maize production system that could cope with disasters.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期186-198,共13页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951502)资助
关键词
气候变化
玉米
极端高温
东北农作区
时空变化
climate change
maize
heat stress
farming region of Northeast China
spatial-tempo-ral change.
