摘要
以玉米郑单958为试材,设追肥施用方法 T1(常量施N,撒施)、T2(N肥减量,撒施)、T3(N肥减量,喷施)、T4(减N增P,喷施)、T5(减N增K,喷施)、T6(减N增P增K增微肥,喷施)6个处理,研究了微灌条件下不同追肥施用方法对夏玉米冠层结构和产量形成的影响。结果表明:T4和T6处理可明显延缓玉米叶面积指数的下降和叶片衰老,降低透光率,延缓叶绿素降解和群体光合势下降,明显提高玉米吐丝后14 d以前阶段的玉米生长速率和单株干物重,显著提高玉米产量;而T5处理可明显提高成熟期玉米的生长速率和单株干物重,显著提高玉米产量和植株的抗倒伏能力,但不利于干物质运转。氮肥喷施较撒施肥效高,氮肥撒施仅13叶展追肥1次,虽然后期物质运转率和收获指数较高,但后期脱肥影响到产量的提高。生产上提倡氮、磷、钾和微肥少量多次施用。
In order to investigate the effects of different methods of applying fertilizer on canopy structure and yield for summer maize under sprinkler irrigation conditions,we conducted an experiment with six fertilizers treatments which were conventional N application（ broadcast）,reducing N（ broadcast）,reducing N（ spraying）,reducing N and increasing P（ spraying）,reducing N and increasing K（ spraying）,reducing N and increasing P,K and microelement fertilizer（ spraying）,using Zheng dan 958 as test material.The results showed that the treatments of reducing N and increasing P（ spraying）,reducing N and increasing P,K and microelement fertilizer（ spraying）could significantly delay the decline of maize leaf area index,leaves senescence,the degradation of chlorophyll and the decline of population photosynthetic potential,reduce the light transmittance,significantly improve the growth rate and dry matter weight in 14 days after silking,greatly increase the yield of maize.The treatments of reducing N and increasing K（ spraying） could significantly improve the growth rate and dry matter weight at mature period of maize,greatly increase the yield and the lodging resistance,but prevent the dry matter translocation.The fertilizer efficiency of N broadcasted was higher than that of sprayed,the treatments of N broadcasted which top dressing fertilizer only in 13 leaves could improve the translocation rate and harvest index of maize,but the grain yield was decreased owing to lack of nutrition in the later stage.Therefore,we advocated a little fertilizer and more applying of the N, P, K and microelement fertilizer in the maize production.
出处
《河北农业科学》
2014年第6期25-29,51,共6页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B08)
农业部行业科研专项(201303133-1-1)
河北省财政厅项目(F13C00011)
关键词
夏玉米
喷灌
施肥
冠层结构
产量
Summer maize
Sprinkler irrigation
Apply fertilizer
Canopy
Structure
Yield
