摘要
以节约经济成本和适宜猪生长发育为前提选取3种发酵床垫料组合:40%稻壳+60%菌糠(FJ)、40%稻壳+60%锯木屑(FD)、40%稻壳+60%酒糟(FW),采用物质流分析的方法分析了在一个养猪周期内3种垫料Zn、Cu、As全量的累积过程;同时测定了不同垫料剖面层次中3种重金属的含量变化;并通过测定有效态Zn、Cu、As含量分析3种重金属在垫料和表层土壤中的活性;最后应用瑞典科学家Hakanson提出的潜在生态危害指数法分析和评价该区域表层土壤的重金属污染指数和潜在生态危害。结果表明,经过一个养殖周期,Zn和Cu含量随垫料层次加深逐层递减,而As含量则随垫料层次加深逐层递增,尽管如此,绝大部分Zn、Cu、As仍作为库存累积在垫料中,只有极少部分通过淋溶作用渗漏到床底表层土壤中;不同垫料对3种重金属的吸纳效果、活性大小的影响均不同;经过生态危害评价分析,3种垫料在养猪结束后其Zn、Cu、As的潜在生态危害均未超过轻微生态危害临界值(RI≤150),为了最好地控制Cu、Zn、As污染并保留有机肥营养,建议发酵床使用年限为3年左右。
Bio-bed is a novel ecological system for pig raising. Its impacts on the environment are arousing concerns. This study was de- signed to examine accumulation of Zn, Cu and As in three different bio-beds ：40% rice husk＋60% mushroom bran（FJ）, 40% rice husk＋ 60% sawdust（FD） and 40% rice husk＋60% Vinasse（FW） using material flow analysis（MFA）. The profile distribution of Zn, Cuand As in bio-beds and their activities in the soil underneath were also investigated. The potential ecological risk index of Hakanson was applied to e- valuate the potential ecological risk to the area. After one production cycle, contents of Cu and Zn decreased, but As increased with the bio- bed depth. Most of three heavy metals were detained in the bio-beds, with only a very small part leaked into the soil underneath through eluviations. Different bio-beds were different in absorption and activities of heavy metals. Zn, Cu and As did not exceed the minimal eco- logical risk threshold（RI≤ 150 ） in three bio-beds. Three years of life span for a bio-bed were recommended to control Cu, Zn and As pol- lution and retain nutrients in organic fertilizers.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期600-607,共8页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
集约化农区种养结合生产技术集成与工程示范(201203050-2)
关键词
发酵床垫料
重金属累积
有效态重金属
潜在生态危害评价
物质流分析
bio-bed
heavy metal accumulation
available heavy metals
potential ecological risk
material flow analysis（MFA ）
