摘要
以废弃物为原料修复设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的方法已经被很多研究所采用,但其主要针对某一种废弃物,尚未将不同废弃物在不同添加量条件下进行系统的综合比较。以畜禽粪便有机肥、水稻秸秆、壳聚糖、糠醛渣和竹炭为研究对象,通过油菜作物盆栽试验方法,比较了上述5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对设施菜地次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果。结果表明:这5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对设施菜地土壤可溶性盐分均有不同程度的降低作用,盐分降低率分别达到0.2%～24.7%、5.8%～38.5%、5.7%～18.0%、-2.9%～19.1%、5.8%～19.1%;土壤主要盐分离子也发生了变化,有机肥提高了土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl-的含量,降低了Mg2+、SO2-4、NO-3的含量;秸秆、壳聚糖和竹炭降低了土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3的含量;糠醛渣降低了土壤中Mg2+、NO-3的含量,增加了K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO2-4的含量。同时,5种废弃物在不同添加量条件下对油菜生物量总体上有提高作用,生物量提高率分别达到128.6%～395.4%、63.7%～82.5%、-57.1%～208.9%、64.6%～118.3%、-3.7%～2.9%。综合分析不同废弃物的修复作用及其经济成本,有机肥和秸秆具有较好的修复效果。
Soil secondary salinization has restricted sustainable production of vegetables in protected fields.In pot experiment,effects of five wastes on control of soil secondary salinization in protected vegetable fields were compared.Applications of all five wastes reduced the soil salinity to some extent.The reduction rates of soil salinity were 0.2% ～24.7%,5.8% ～38.5%,5.7% ～18.0%,-2.9% ～19.1% and 5.8% ～19.1% for animal manure,rice straw,chitosan,furfural residue and bamboo charcoal,respectively.Waste additions changed major ions in soils.In comparison with the control,applying animal manure increased K^＋,Na^＋,Ca^2＋and Cl^-contents,whereas rice straw,chitosan and bamboo charcoal decreased the contents of K^＋,Na^＋,Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋,Cl^-,SO4^2- and NO3^-.However,furfural residue application increased K^＋,Na^＋,Ca^2＋,Cl^-and SO4^2- but reduced Mg^2＋and NO3^- contents.Vegetable biomass was enhanced by applying all five wastes,with percentages being128.6%～395.4%,63.7% ～82.5%,-57.1% ～208.9%,64.6% ～118.3% and-3.7% ～2.9% for animal manure,rice straw,chitosan,furfural residue and bamboo charcoal,respectively.Our results show that animal manure and rice straw have better performance than other wastes in terms of reclamation effects and economic costs.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期737-743,共7页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
上海市环境保护局重大科研项目(沪环科2011-51)
公益性行业(环保)科研专项(201109018)
关键词
废弃物
设施菜地
次生盐渍化
土壤修复
wastes
protected agriculture
secondary salinization
soil reclamation
