摘要
为合理确定爆炸事故中抛射物初速度,基于碎片穿透实验及理论分析建立了两种碎片初速度的预测方法.在理论估算中,建立了以爆炸总能量乘以能量转化效率因子确定碎片初动能的碎片初速度预测模型.在爆炸总能量的计算方法中,Baum方程可以估算压缩气体物理爆炸、化学反应失控爆炸的总能量,而在BLEVE中,用液体过热能来估算爆炸能量更为准确.以Baum,Birk等实验的转化效率为基础,根据最大熵原理得出了碎片能量转化效率因子的概率密度符合伽马分布.由实例分析可知,BLEVE中基于过热能及效率因子的初速度预测方法可以有效地进行爆炸碎片危险的定量化评价.
Two prediction methods were established based on the penetration experiments and theoretic analysis to rationally determine the initial velocity of the fragments.The initial velocity prediction model based on the initial kinetic energy was established by the total explosion energy and energy transferred factor.The total energy for the physical explosion of compressed gas tank and runaway reaction explosion can be estimated by Baum equation,while overheated energy as total energy produced by overheated liquid in BLEVE is more rational.The energy probability density transferred factor was obtained by the existing data collected from experiments of Baum,Birk,industrial explosions and maximum entropy principle.The results show that the probabilistic density of energy transferred factor is gamma distribution.Using the presented method,the initial velocity for the quantitative assessment of the explosion fragments can be predicted effectively.
出处
《东北大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第7期1047-1050,1054,共5页
Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science)
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(201202022)
关键词
爆炸碎片
抛射碎片初速度
BLEVE事故
最大熵原理
概率密度函数
伽马分布
fragments in explosion
fragments initial velocity
BLEVE accident
maximum entropy principle
probabilistic density function
gamma distribution
