摘要
肿瘤免疫治疗通过主动或被动免疫改善机体免疫系统的应答状态,使机体获得有效的抗肿瘤免疫效应。肿瘤疫苗通过主动免疫而放大肿瘤患者体内抗肿瘤免疫反应,在肿瘤免疫治疗中具有重要的地位与作用。肿瘤疫苗的主要类型包括来自肿瘤抗原的多肽疫苗,病毒或细菌载体疫苗,核酸疫苗,树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)疫苗等。在多个临床试验中,由于抗原选择不佳及抑制性肿瘤微环境等因素,使现有肿瘤疫苗未能取得令人满意的临床效果。体细胞突变产生的肿瘤新抗原因未经历胸腺选择过程而具有高免疫原性,可诱导机体产生有效免疫反应,是肿瘤疫苗制备的优选。免疫检查点抑制剂的应用使机体免疫系统的抗肿瘤免疫应答恢复“正常化”。随着测序技术与生物信息学的发展,预测突变产生的新抗原及制备个体化疫苗的设想得以实现,个体化疫苗联合免疫检查点抑制剂或其它免疫治疗有可能产生更好的临床效果。
Tumor immunotherapy,through active or passive immunization,improves the immune respon-siveness to existed tumors and exhibits effective antitumor effects. Cancer vaccines could amplify antitumor im-mune responses in patients through active immunization and play important roles in tumor immunotherapy. The types of cancer vaccines include peptide vaccines,viral or bacterial vector vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines and dendritic cell vaccines. Generally,low clinical response rates of cancer vaccines were observed in many clinical trials. The main reasons might be due to the unsuitable target antigens used in the cancer vaccines,and due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The neoantigens derived from somatic mutations in tumors are not subjected to thymic selection and have potent immunogenicity,therefore can serve as the preferred target an-tigens in cancer vaccines. The clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockers make the immune system possi-ble to be normalized and the anti-tumor effects restored. With the development of next-generation-sequencing technology and bioinformatic algorithm,neoantigens could be discovery and personalized cancer vaccines are de-veloped. In combination with immune checkpoint blockers or other immunotherapies,the cancer patients may benefit more from the personalized cancer vaccines.
作者
王艳梅
陈坤
曲春枫
Wang Yanmei;Chen Kun;Qu Chunfeng(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology/Department of Immunology,National Caneer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College ,Beijing100021,China)
出处
《国际免疫学杂志》
CAS
2018年第6期683-689,共7页
International Journal of Immunology
关键词
肿瘤疫苗
肿瘤抗原
个体化疫苗
肿瘤微环境
Cancer vaccine
Tumor antigen
Personalized vaccine
Tumor microenvironment
