摘要
西双版纳的热带雨林与海南低地热带雨林和热带季雨林有基本一致的植物区系组成 ,群落中优势科无论在种数百分比还是重要值排名上均较接近 ,显然属于同样性质的植物区系。在生态特征上 ,西双版纳热带雨林群落高大 ,分层不明显 ,B层为林冠层 ,散生巨树常见 ;在生活型谱上以高位芽植物占绝对优势 ,大、中高位芽植物相对较多 ,落叶树种比例小 ;以中叶、纸质、全缘和复叶比例较高为特征 ,具有最接近海南低地湿润雨林的群落垂直结构和生态外貌 ,其雨林特点虽不如湿润雨林浓厚 ,但明显强于海南的热带常绿季雨林和山地雨林。海南常绿季雨林群落高度明显较矮 ,小叶比例通常较高 ,革质叶比例亦较高 ,群落具有明显的旱生特点。海南的山地雨林群落高度较矮 ,A层连续 ,成为林冠 ,无散生巨树 ,分层明显 ,在生活型谱上大高位芽植物比例减少 ,附生植物丰富 ,并具有相当比例的地面芽植物 ;叶级虽以中叶占优势 ,但通常革质、非全缘和单叶比例较高 ,明显由于热量不足的影响而带有亚热带森林特色。在物种多样性上 ,西双版纳热带雨林的乔木物种多样性指数似乎与海南的低地热带雨林相当 ,低于海南的山地雨林群落。海南的热带雨林群落种类丰富度不同人研究的结果差异较大 ,如果这些用于比较的数据可靠和具有可比性的话 ,西双版?
The tropical rain forests dispersed over Hainan Island, southern China and those occurring in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China were comparatively studied. The main points of the study are as follows: 1. According to our statistics of the species percentage and importance value in community, the lowland rain forest and tropical monsoon forest on Hainan share the same dominant families with the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, suggesting that the forests in the two regions are floristically common in nature. 2. The ecological and physiognomic characters of the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna are very similar to those of the tropical rain forest dispersed over the lowland of Hainan in terms of the forest profile with three layers and emergent trees, the plants dominated by mega- and meso-phanerophytes as well as by chartaceous and entire mesophylls with higher percentage of compound leaves. The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna conspicuously differs from the tropical evergreen rain forest of Hainan. The latter has a lower canopy, and its plants dominantly possess leathery microphylls. The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna also differs from the tropical montane rain forest in Hainan, which has a much lower canopy without emergent trees, less megaphanerophytes, more epiphytes and much more hemicryptophytes. Furthermore, the montane rain forest is also characterized by plants with leathery and non-entire mesophylls and a lower percentage of compound leaves. With respect to the species diversity of plants, the forest in Xishuangbanna seems to possess almost the same diversity as the lowland rain forest in Hainan, but lower than the montane rain forest on the island. However, our statistic results should carefully be explained, because the numbers of plant species of the rain forests in Hainan are quite different according to the various resources in the literature.
出处
《云南植物研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第1期1-13,16,共14页
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
基金
云南省应用基础研究基金 (98C0 96M)
中国科学院九五重大项目 (KZ951-A -10 4课题 )
KSCX2-1-0 6B课题
中国科学院百人计划
关键词
热带雨林
植物区系组成
生态外貌
物种多样性
西双版纳
海南
比较研究
Tropical rain forests
Floristic composition
Ecological physiognomy
Species diversity
Xishuangbanna
Hainan
