摘要
塔里木河三条源流灌区引用地表水量已接近 70 % ,而有效利用率不足 0 .4,主要是渠系防渗率只有 10 %～ 2 0 % ,渠系利用系数 0 .39～ 0 .40。灌区从河道引水共计 140 .85× 10 8m3 ,到达农田的水量只有 5 5 .47× 10 8m3 。而且渠系、水库和农田渗漏还引起了灌区地下水位上升和土壤盐渍化。要提高源流灌区的水资源利用效率 ,必须实行地表水和地下水的联合利用 ,并修建山区水库逐步取代平原水库 ,减少引水的无效蒸发和渗漏损失 ,方可保证水资源的可持续利用和向塔里木河干流输送 45× 10 8m3
Tarim River is the longest continental river in China, is fed by the remained and recycling water from the three soure streams, i.e. Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant rivers. The stream of Tarim River, water qualily of its mainstream and the natural environment in its lower reaches are strongly impacted by the change of runoff and utilization of water resources in the basins of the source streams. About 70% of surface water is diverted into the irrigated areas in the basins of the three source streams of Tarim River, the effective utilization efficiency, however, is lower than 0.4, the rate of lining against seepage of the canal systems varies in a range of 10%～20% only, and the utilizadtion coefficient of the canal systems is only 0.39～0.40. The total annual diverted stream water volume is 140.85×10 8m 3, but only a volume of 55.47×10 8m 3 can flow to the farmland in the irrigated areas. It is suggested to implement a combined utilization of surface water and groundwater and to replace the plain reservoirs by building the mountainous ones so as to reduce the ineffective evaporation and seepage. Thus, the sustainable utilization of water resources, stable ecology and sustainable development in the whole watershed as well as an annual feeding stream water volume of 45×10 8m 3 to the mainstream of Tarim River will be able to be ensured.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
2002年第1期23-26,共4页
Arid Zone Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目 ( 4 98710 17)资助
