摘要
总结了我国煤矿冲击地压灾害发生的特点,分析了冲击地压、岩爆和矿震之间存在的联系和区别,建立了煤矿冲击地压的3种力学模型:材料失稳型冲击地压、滑移错动型冲击地压和结构失稳型冲击地压。提炼出煤炭开采中的冲击地压研究需要解决的4个方面的科学问题:地质赋存环境对冲击地压的作用机制及量化分析方法、深部断续煤岩体的变形破坏规律和工程动力响应特征、采动应力分布和能量场的时空演化规律与多因素耦合致灾机理、煤矿冲击地压的监测预警与防治方法,总结归纳了近年来我国在冲击地压机理与防治技术方面的研究成果以及存在问题,指出了今后我国煤矿提高冲击地压防治水平的努力方向。
The features of coal bumps happened in Chinese coal mines were described. The definition of terminology among coal bumps, rock bursts and mine tremors were discussed. The mechanisms of coal bumps were classified into three models. These are bounce failure of openings surrounding rock or coal, translator/burst of coal seam between roof and floor or slipping burst of geologic faults, and strueture sudden destabilization of an entire pillar or massive strata around mining panels. Moreover, four key issues in research point of view for fully understanding and better controlling phenomena of coal bumps were discussed. These issues involve the geological conditions relevant to coal bumps and the quantitative analysis method,the properties and engineering behaviour of discontinuous rock masses under the dy- namic loading, the multi-factor coupling interaction mechanisms between coal bumps and space-time distribution of mining-induced stresses and energy in mining disturbed region, and the monitor-detect prevention and control methods of coal bumps. Finally, significant development and existing problem in controlling coal bumps in China were reviewed, and recent trends and a path forward on control of coal bumps in future were also pointed out.
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期205-213,共9页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)资助项目(2010CB226800)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51174213)
中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLCRSM11KFB08)
关键词
冲击地压
煤炭开采
冲击地压分类
冲击地压防治
机理
coal bumps
coal mining
classification of coal bumps
prevention of eoal bump
mechanism
