摘要
2009年8月和10月对渤海进行了底拖网调查,对增殖放流种类之一的许氏平鲉(Sebates schlegeli)进行了胃含物分析和食物选择性的初步研究。结果表明许氏平鲉共摄食7类20余种饵料,主要摄食虾类和鱼类,属虾/鱼食性鱼类。8月摄食的主要饵料为日本鼓虾和虾虎鱼类,10月摄食的主要饵料为疣背宽额虾和小黄鱼。与20世纪90年代的研究结果相比,许氏平鲉的摄食发生了显著的年间变化,摄食的虾类饵料增多,鱼类饵料减少;主要饵料种类发生改变,鳀不再是其主要的饵料种类。食物选择性指数的计算表明许氏平鲉摄食的主要饵料种类与喜食的饵料种类有一定差别;许氏平鲉的食物选择性并不完全是由环境中的饵料丰度决定的,说明其对食物的选择具有较强的主动性。结论认为,许氏平鲉的摄食和食物选择性的季节变化不仅受环境中饵料丰度的影响,也受鱼类自身营养需求和主动选择性摄食的影响。
Based on bottom trawl surveys conducted in the Bohai Sea in August and October of 2009, stomach analysis and prey selectivity indices were used to study the feeding habits of Sebates schlegeli, which is a released fish species. The results showed that Sebates schlegeli fed on seven groups of more than 20 prey species, and mainly fed on shrimp and fish, accounting for 64.93%-76.59% of the total food composition, by percentage of occurrence. Thus, Sebates schlegeli belongs to the fish/shrimp predator fish. Alpheus japonicas and the gobiidae were the dominant prey species in August; however, Latreutes planirostris and small yellow croaker （Larimichthy polyactis） were the dominant prey spe- cies in October. Compared with the study performed in the 1990s, the feeding habits of Sebates schlegeli have varied significantly, feeding on a higher proportion of shrimp prey and fewer fish. The dominant prey species were also dif- ferent, and anchovy （Engraulisjaponicus） was no longer the dominant prey species. According to prey selectivity index, Sebates schlegeli preferred to feed on Alpheusjaponicus, Latreutes anoplonyx, Leptochela gracilis and the gobiidae, but dislike small yellow croakers in August. In October, they prefer to feed on Alpheus japonicus, Apogon lineatus and small yellow croaker, but dislike Oratosquilla oratoria. Influenced by the abundance of prey in the environment, there is some difference between the favorite food species and dominant prey species. Prey selectivity of Sebates schlegeli is not entirely determined by the abundance of prey in the environment, but it does have a strong influence. The S. schlegeli showed a preference for prey with low abundance in the environ- ment, such as Leptochela gracilis, Latreutes anoplonyx and Syngnathus acus in August, and Apogon lineatus in October. It also selectively feeds on prey with high abundance in the environment, such as small yellow croaker and gobiidae. It can feed on Loligo japonica with a stable proportion in August and October; however, this is not related to their abun- dance. The results also indicated that seasonal variations in the food composition and prey selectivity of Sebates schlegeli is not only influenced by the abundance of prey in the environment, but also by nutritional requirements and prey selectivity of individual fish. As a released fish species, the biomass of Sebates schlegeli increased slightly in recent surveys, and was restored to some extent by stock enhancement, yet its biomass is still less than 1% of the maximum historical biomass. Therefore, more could be released to restore biomass. The other important aim of this study was to evaluate scientifically and rea- sonably the ecological capacity for stock enhancement, based on food composition and prey selectivity of Sebates schlegeli. According to the results of this study, combined with its biomass and the evaluation of food consumption, Sebates schlegeli needs to feed on 1.7 t Alpheusjaponicus, 2.2 t gobiidae and 1.9 t Loligojaponica in August. Thus, to evaluate the ecological capacity of Sebates schlegeli, the next study needs determine biomass and food consumption of those prey by other predators in the same nutritional niche.
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期134-141,共8页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD18B01)
科技部国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB409805)
农业部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200903005)
