摘要
心理传记学是采用心理学的理论和方法来研究非凡人物生命故事的一门学问。文章对百余年来国际心理传记学的发展状况进行了回顾,将其发展分为三个阶段:案例研究阶段、理论探索阶段和学科发展阶段。该学科在传主资料的筛选与处理方法、解释模型等理论研究方面已获得了较丰富的成果,并已形成三个稳定的研究领域。在我国开展心理传记学研究,要避免人物研究的病理化倾向和艺术式的纯质化道路,并加强应用探讨以及着手进行中国杰出心理学家的心理传记研究。
Psyehobiography is a discipline which uses the psychological theorie,; and methods to study the life story of extraordinary people. It could be viewed as a sub - discipline of personality psychology from the developmental history of psychobiography. The paper introduced the development process of international psychobiography for the past century, dividing it into three periods, that is, the period of case study （ 1910s - 1970s）, the period of the preliminary foundation of the liscipline （or the period of theoretical exploration of the discipline,1980 -2005）, and the period of disciplinary development （2005 -present）. The first psychobiographical work - Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood was written by Freud in 1910. Ever since then, over the past 7 decades, the psychobiographical work almost had used the psychoanalytic theories to interpret the life stories of extraordinary people, which is the reason why it is also called the period of psychoanalytic psychobiography. Because of the problems such as the pathological tendency of the studies, recon- struction of the history of the subject~ childhood, and the utter dependence on the early - childhoodexperience to interpret the personali- ty and behavior of the subjects, the psychobiographicalresearch was widely criticized. The first theoretical book of psychobiography was published in 1982, and several other books were published later, which try to ：solve the above criticism from a theatrical perspective. The handbook of psychobiography which was edited by Schultz and was published in 2005 became the hallmark of the foundation of the psychobiography, and indicates that the psychobiographical studies have entered the period of disciplinary development. In the 21st cen- tury, the development of psychobiography has become a worldwide phenomenon. Apart from the U. S. A, China and South Africa are currently the two fastest growing countries in the field of psychobiography. A lot of fruitful achievements in the theoretical research of psychobiography have been made. In terms of data management methods, several new methods were proposed, for example, principal identifier： of salience （Alexander, 1988,1990）, prototypical scene （Schuhz,2002,2005） and life story model of identity （McAdams, 1996,2001 ）. About interpretive models or research approaches, Crosby et al. （1981） proposed two models： causal interpretive model and coherent -whole interpretive model. Runyan （1988） proposed the model of eight ComponentProcesses. Some researchers of psychobiography put forward the assessment criteria of psychobiographical work quality （ Runyan, 1988 ; Schuhz, 2005 ）. For the psychobiographical case studies, three subfields had been formed, namely, the pscychobiographical study of political fig- ures （political psychobiography） which mainly explores the relationship among the personality of politicians, their life story and their political behaviors. The psychobiographical study of psychologists mainly explores the relationship between the theories which psycholo- gists proposed and their life stories. The pscychobiographical study of artists and writers mainly explores the relationship between their life stories and their literary or artistic works. Moreover, a new field called comparative psychobiography has gradually come into being. In China, study in psyehobiography should avoid pathological tendency and pure qualitative research of artistic form. Research should be strengthened to apply psychobiography, especially, its application in the fields of psychological counseling, education and hu- man resources management, and should embark on the psychobiographical study of Chinese outstanding psychologists.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期1491-1497,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
