摘要
概述了表观遗传调节模式、表观遗传调节的效应、植物表观遗传学的研究进展等。在每种细胞中,都会发生一部分特异基因激活、另一部分基因抑制的现象,形成多种基因表达模式。表观遗传指DNA序列不发生变化,而基因表达发生可遗传改变的现象。表观遗传学改变包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA作用等,产生基因组印记、母性影响、基因沉默、核仁显性、休眠转座子激活等效应。表观遗传变异是环境因素和细胞内遗传物质间交互作用的结果,其效应通过调节基因表达,控制生物学表型来实现。正是因为表观修饰对于维持生物体内环境和各器官系统功能的重要性,表观遗传的异常会引发疾病,这也成为药物和治疗方案设计的着眼点。
Epigenetic regulation modes, epigenetic regulatory effects, and the research progresses in plant epigenetic are summarized. According to classical genetics, nucleic acids are the foundation of heredity, and the heredilary information of life is stored in the hase sequence of nucleic acids. The change of hase sequence might lead to phenotypic variations of organisms, and these variations might pass on to the next generation. Within one organism, the different types of cells have their own unique gene expression patterns, although they share Ihe same genetic hackground. It is caused by activating some special sels of genes, meanwhile suppressing the other. This phenomenon is known as epigenetic modification. Epigenetics is a phenomenon for altering gene, expression pattern; however changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the gene are not involved. Its process includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, etc. Its manifestation includes genomic imprinting, maternal effect, gene silencing, nucleoli dominance, and dormant transposon activation, etc. Epigenelic modification is the result of inleractions helween environmental factors and intracellular genetic materials. Through gone expression regulation, epigenetic modification is able to control the phenotype of an organism. Due to its importance for mainlaining slable environment inside an organism and normal functions of organs, ahnormal epigenetic modification could lead to disease. 11 is why today epigenelics becomes a hot research spot on the drug design and therapy development.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第19期66-74,共9页
Science & Technology Review
基金
北京市自然科学基金项目(5122017)
细胞增殖及调控生物学教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(201101)
教育部2011年度“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(北京师大·2011-60)
抗性基因与分子发育北京市重点实验室开放基金项目(201204)
关键词
表观遗传
DNA甲基化
组蛋白修饰
非编码RNA
基因表达调控
epigenelics, DNA methylation
histone modification, non-coding RNA
gene expression regulation/control
