摘要
核酸适体(Aptamer)是通过配体指数富集系统进化技术(SELEX)在体外筛选得到的一小段寡核苷酸序列,它可以和不同的靶标,如小分子物质、蛋白质、药物及抗生素等进行高亲和力和高特异性的结合。由于靶分子范围广、相对稳定、易体外合成和修饰等特性,核酸适体在疾病检测、临床治疗、生化分析、药物研发等领域得到了广泛应用。以农药为靶标的核酸适体技术在农药残留检测中也得到了初步应用。总结相关文献,介绍核酸适体的发现、特点及其筛选方法的基本原理和筛选过程中的主要分离方法,列举核酸适体在农药、抗生素、金属离子、生物毒素、微生物以及蛋白质检测中的应用,并对核酸适体的检测应用进行展望。
Aptamer is a kind of synthetic oligonucleotides by in vitro screening of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （ SELEX ） , which can bind to different targets, such as small organic molecules, proteins, drugs or antibiotics etc., with high affinity and specificity. Due to their special characteristics of a wide range of targets, good stability, simple preparation and easy modification in vitro, aptamers have been widely used in disease diagnosis, clinical therapy, bioanalysis, drug development and other fields. The SELEX method using pesticides as targets has been preliminarily applied in the determination of pesticide residues. Based on recent literatures, this paper describes the finding history and merits of aptamers, the principle as well as separation methods in aptamers sieving process by use of SELEX. Applications of aptamers in pesticides, antibiotics, metal ions, biotoxins, pathogenic microorganism and proteins were also summarized. Furthermore, the prospect of aptamers based detection techniques were proposed.
出处
《生物技术通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期39-48,共10页
Biotechnology Bulletin
基金
苏州市科技支撑项目(SN201129)
苏州市科技基础设施建设项目(SZP201205)
关键词
核酸适体
配体指数富集系统进化技术
制备
分析应用
Aptamer
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
Preparation
Analytical application
