摘要
目的了解武汉市血吸虫病重点水域水体感染性,探讨哨鼠法在血吸虫病监测预警中的作用。方法选择长江武汉段、东荆河通顺河水系、府河沦河水系和金水河4个血吸虫感染高危水系设立监测预警点。汛期来临前调查监测点周边钉螺分布和感染情况,汛期来临时采用哨鼠法检测水体血吸虫感染性。调查监测点周边村组历年病情资料,同时观察滩面人畜活动情况,对哨鼠感染率与滩面螺情进行秩相关检验。对出现感染性水体的区域启动应急响应机制。结果18个监测点15个查到阳性哨鼠,阳性率为83.33%。共投放哨鼠554只,回收540只,回收率为97.47%。回收哨鼠全部解剖,阳性75只,总感染率为13.89%,共检获血吸虫成虫172条,平均虫荷为2.29±0.71条/鼠。4大水系哨鼠感染率分别为8.33%、24.53%、10.85%、6.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.131,P=0.000)。虫荷分别为2.33±0.71、2.28±0.76、2.22±0.60、2.75±0.96条/鼠,差异无统计学意义(F=0.638,P=0.593)。哨鼠阳性率与监测点钉螺面积、活螺平均密度和钉螺阳性率均无相关性。15个哨鼠阳性点中,8个有渔船民活动,8个滩面有钓鱼或种植者,10个滩面有耕牛散放,4个有病牛。15个哨鼠阳性点启动了应急响应机制,未出现血吸虫病重大疫情。结论武汉市血吸虫病重点水域水体感染性较高;哨鼠法可作为血吸虫病监测预警系统的重要组成部分。
Objective To understand the water infectivity of schistosome in key water regions of Wuhan City and explore the role of a sentinel mouse technique on surveillance and forecast system for schistosomiasis.Methods Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River,the Dongjing-Tongshun River system,the Fu-Lun River system and the Jinshui River of Wuhan City were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites.The Oncomelania snail distribution and infection were surveyed before the flood season.The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mouse technique during the flood season.The infection status of people in the villages around the surveillance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed.The correlation between the infection rate of sentinel mice and snail status was tested by the rank correlation method.The emergency response mechanism was initiated when the areas with schistosomes were detected in water.Results Among the 18 surveillance sites,15 sites with infected sentinel mice were found,accounting for 83.33%.A total of 554 sentinel mice were placed and 540 recovered,with a recovery rate of 97.47%.All the recovered mice were dissected and 75 infected,with a total infection rate of 13.89%.Totally 172 adult worms were collected,with mean worm burden of 2.29±0.71 worms per mouse.The infection rates of sentinel mice in 4 water systems were 8.33%,24.53%,10.85% and 6.56%,respectively,and the mean worm burdens of infected sentinel mice were 2.33±0.71,2.28±0.76,2.22±0.60 and 2.75±0.96 worms per mouse,respectively.The infection rates of sentinel mice in 4 water systems had a statistically significant difference（x2=19.131,P=0.000）.The mean worm burdens of the infected sentinel mice in 4 water systems had no statistically significant difference（F=0.638,P=0.593）.The correlation coefficient among the infection rate of sentinel mice,snail area,the average density of living snails and infected snail rate had no statistical significance.Among the 15 sites with infected sentinel mice,8 sites with fisherman activities,8 sites with anglers or planters,10 sites with cattle keepings and 4 of which with infected cattle.All the 15 sites with cercariae-infected water bodies started the emergency response and no epidemic situation happened.Conclusions The water infectivity of schistosome in key water regions of Wuhan City was relatively high.Detecting water infectivity based on a sentinel mouse technique is an important part of surveillance and forecast system for schistosomiasis.
出处
《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2012年第4期415-419,共5页
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control
关键词
血吸虫病
监测
预警
哨鼠
水体感染性
Schistosomiasis
Surveillance
Forecast
Sentinel mouse
Water infectivity
