摘要
笔者从高效生态农业的提出、内涵、特征、原理、模式、技术等6个方面,对高效生态农业的理论与实践进展进行了全面、系统地分析和讨论。(1)高效生态农业是1991年在国内首先提出;(2)高效生态农业突出强调"高效"、"生态"、"结合";(3)高效生态农业具有生物多、环境佳、结构良、功能强、质量优、效益高、低排放、可持续的特征;(4)高效生态农业增产增效的原理在于充分用地、立体用光、超额用季、多层用水、高效用肥、共生互补、生态减灾、循环利用;(5)高效生态农业的典型模式有立体利用型、生物共生型、多业结合型、产业延伸型、科技带动型、环境整治型、资源再生型、休闲观光型;(6)高效生态农业的关键技术有资源节约技术、水肥调控技术、生物养地技术、防灾减灾技术、综合利用技术、水土保持技术、结构调整技术、能源开发技术、流域治理技术、现代高新技术。
From the purpose, content, characteristics, principles, patterns and technology of eco-agriculture with high efficiency, the theory and practice of eco-agriculture with high efficiency had been analyzed generally and systematically. The concept of eco-agriculture with high efficiency was purposed in 1991 in China. The eco-agricuhure with high efficiency emphasized on ＇high efficiency＇, ＇ecology＇ and ＇combination＇. The eco-agricuhure with high efficiency had a lot of characteristics such as more organisms, good environment, good structure, strong function, good quality, high efficiency, low-carbon emissions, and sustainable development. The principle of the eco-agricuhure with high efficiency with the increasing of output and efficiency laid with full use of land, three-dimensional use of sunlight energy, excess use of seasons, multi-layer use of moisture, high efficient use of fertilizer, symbiosis and complementation among organisms, ecological disaster-reduction, and recycling use of agricultural resource. The typical modes of eco-agricuhure with high efficiency were the three-dimensional use of agricultural resource, the type of biological symbiosis among organisms, the conjunction type of conglomerate, the type of the industrial extension, the technology-driven type, the type of the environmental improvement, the resource recycling type, and the type of the leisure travel. The key technologies of eco-agricuhure with high efficiency were the resources saving technology, the irrigation and fertilizer application regulating technology, the biological soil improving technology, the disaster prevention and reduction technology, the resource comprehensive utilization technology, the soil and water conservation technology, structural adjustment technology, the new energy development technology, the valley harnessing technology, and the current modern new high technology.
出处
《农学学报》
2011年第7期23-33,共11页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"广西红壤肥力与生态功能协同演变机制与调控"(U1033004)
中国科学技术协会调研课题"鄱阳湖生态经济区高效生态农业发展模式研究"
江西农业大学生态学学科首席教授配套经费(09003424)
关键词
现代农业
生态农业
高效生态农业
农业可持续发展
Modern Agriculture
Eco-agriculture
Eco-agriculture with High Efficiency
Sustainable Development of Agriculture
