摘要
康区乃中原进入西藏的战略要地,该地区社会结构的重要特点在于政教合一,致使在当地设置的土司也必然具有双重的政治身份。清前期,朝廷曾在此实施过局部的"改土归流",然因其环境恶劣等诸多因素,始终无法在此大规模建构直接统治机构,为此只能继续沿用土司制度略加羁縻。1840年后,特别是20世纪初赵尔丰主持的康区"改土归流"时,英俄等列强觊觎西藏,诱使西藏上层统治集团与清王朝为敌,分裂祖国倾向日趋明显。清廷在西藏的经略决策不得不为之一改,必须凭借军事势力以对抗英俄的入侵。要军事卫藏,又不得不取道于康区,然该区土司割据,中梗于川、藏之间,致使西藏局势岌岌可危。如何经营西藏,以固川、滇、青屏障,成了当时国防之急务。为了巩固西南内陆边防,朝廷别无选择,只能在康区大力推行"改土归流",此政策的推行为维护国家领土和主权完整做出了卓越贡献,进而也为民国时期西康省的建立奠定了基础。
Kang Region is located at a strategic position from the Central Plains to Tibet, whose so- cial structure is the combination of politics and religion with the Tusi Official having a dual political i- dentity. In the early Qing dynasty, the Government implemented unsuccessfully the Power-shift Movement（from local Tusi to Han official）. Since 1840 and especially in the early 20th century when Zhao Erfeng was in power and when foreign powers wanted to occupy Tibet, the ruling class of Tibet was against the Imperial Court of the Qing dynasty. To safeguard the national unity, the Imperial Court of the Qing dynasty began a comprehensive implementation of the Power-shift Movement in Kang Region, which helped maintain the national sovereignty and laid a foundation for the establish- ment of Xikang Province in the period of the Republic of China.
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第3期15-22,共8页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社科重点课题"中国少数民族文化生态研究(课题号:11AZD071)"阶段性成果之一
关键词
赵尔丰
康区
土司制度
改土归流
Zhao Erfeng Kang Region Tusi system Power-shift Movement
