摘要
利用中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所于2009年1月20日至12月31日在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川冰雪表面实施大气科学观测实验观测取得的资料和同期大西沟气象站资料,分析了1号冰川四季大气温度、风速、风向以及总辐射的变化特征,对比、探讨了冰川尺度上冰雪表面与周边山地的辐射和地-气热量传输特性,在此基础上揭示了二者气温、风速、大气湿度变化的差异及其成因.研究表明:1)由于冰川冰雪对太阳辐射的反射率高,冰雪表面得到的净辐射和热量少,使得冰川四季大气温度比大西沟站平均偏低2.9℃;2)冰川与周边山地下垫面的不同,引起太阳净辐射-温度场-气压场-风场的连锁变化,造成冰川轴向风以下行偏南气流为主导,法向风盛行偏东气流;冰川夜间风速大于大西沟,白天却小于大西沟风速;3)冰川和大西沟大气含水量较高,相对湿度在40%～80%之间变化,因大西沟地表蒸发大,其相对湿度略高于冰川.
Institute of Urumqi Desert Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration held an atmospheric experiment over the Glacier No.1 at the headwaters of the ürümqi River from January to December in 2009.In this paper,based on the observational data,the daily variations of near surface air temperate,wind speed,wind direction,relative humidity and global radiation are preliminarily analyzed,and compared with the data from Daxigou Meteorological Station.The results show： 1） Because of very high reflection from the glacier,ice and snow surfaces,less net radiation and heat reached the surfaces,and then the air temperature upon the glacier was 2.9 ℃ lower than that at Daxigou Station;2） The underlying surface in the glacier is very different from that around the valley,leading the net radiation-temperature fields-pressure fields-wind fields changing continuously,resulting in that the axial direction wind of the valley was dominated by strong southern air flow,and the normal direction wind was dominated by prevail east wind flow;3） The daily change of wind velocity on the Glacier No.1 displayed rather smooth for all seasons,while the wind velocity was larger than that at Daxigou Meteorological Station at night,and was obviously less than that at Daxigou Meteorological Station in the daytime.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期12-20,共9页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951001)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006012)资助
关键词
1号冰川
大西沟山地
气象要素特征
差异和成因
The Glacier No.1
Daxigou valley
meteorological element characteristics
discrepancy and cause of formation
