摘要
为提高我国环境质量标准的科学性、系统性和可操作性,从分析我国环境质量标准存在的问题出发,通过阐述环境质量标准制订原理,对比分析国外相关标准,对不同要素环境质量标准制订中的4个关键的共性技术问题——保护对象或用途功能划分、阈限值及阶段目标设立、污染物项目选择、划区实施与监测评价进行了研究.结果表明:应针对不同的保护对象或用途功能,依据环境基准研究成果,设定不同的污染物项目和限值要求;污染物项目应明确指标含义,限值要求应适当区分阈限值及阶段目标;应根据区域、流域主导功能,划区实施标准并开展监测评价工作.
This paper analyzes existing problems with national environmental quality standards, describes the principles of development of environmental quality standards, and compares related foreign standards. In order to improve the scientific and systematic nature and feasibility of national environment quality standards, four key common technical issues in the development of environmental quality standards were studied. These four are （1） classifications of the protected objects and designated use; （2） establishment of threshold limit values and interim targets; （3） selection of pollutants; and, （4） regional implemention and monitoring and assessment of environmental quality. The results show that different pollutants and limits should be established in view of the different protected objects or designated use on the basis of environmental criteria. The implication of the pollutants should be clarified. The threshold limit values and interim targets should be distinguished while determining the limits. The results also show that standards should be implemented in accordance with the dominant function of the region and watershed, and monitoring and assessment of environmental quality should be carried out.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第9期1074-1080,共7页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
2008年国家环境保护标准修订项目
关键词
环境质量标准
保护对象
阈限值
环境基准
environmental quality standards
protected objects
threshold value
environmental criteria
