摘要
白面叉草蛉Dichochrysa albofrontata Yang et Yang是螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus RusseⅡ的重要捕食性天敌。本文在实验室温(26℃～32℃)及特设(16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃)下对白面叉草蛉的发育及繁殖情况进行了研究。结果表明:白面叉草蛉发育经历卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫四个阶段,幼虫期分3个龄期。幼虫捕食螺旋粉虱的卵、若虫和拟蛹,偏嗜拟蛹,其中3龄幼虫捕食量大。在室温下,完成一个世代的时间为31.5d～41.5d,其中幼虫期平均14.3d,蛹期平均8.7d,卵期平均3.3d。在16℃～32℃温度范围内,白面叉草蛉均可完成世代发育,各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短,其中在32℃下最短,分别为卵3.1d、1龄幼虫4.2d、2龄幼虫4.0d、3龄幼虫5.2d、蛹10.8d。各虫态的发育起点温度分别为卵11.8℃、幼虫7.5℃、蛹9.5℃、世代10.5℃,卵、幼虫、蛹和世代完成发育所需的有效积温分别为62.7日度、310.5日度、230.7日度、716.1日度。据此估算,该虫在海南每年可完成6～7代。在16℃～32℃范围内各虫态及世代存活率随温度升高而提高,而相同温度下,3龄幼虫的存活率最高,20℃～32℃时可达100%,表明老龄幼虫对温度的适应性更强。成虫的寿命与产卵历期均以16℃最长,并随温度的升高而缩短,产卵量、日均产卵量则随温度升高而增大。根据发育历期、发育速率、存活率、寿命和产卵量等特性,28℃～32℃下最有利于白面叉草蛉种群的增长。
Dichochrysa albofrontata is one of the important natural enemies of Aleurodicus dispersus Russell in Hainan.In this paper,the influences of temperature on development and reproduction of D.albofrontata were studied at five constant temperatures（16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃,32℃） and room temperature in the laboratory.The results showed that one generation of D.albofrontata was consisted of 4 stages including egg,larva,pupa and adult,among which the larva phase was comprised of 3 instars,of which the 3nd instar larva could predate more eggs and pupas of A.dispersus.D.albofrontata could finish life cycle at room temperature which lasted from 31.5 d to 41.5d.The average duration of the larva stage was 14.3 d,the pupa stage 8.7 d and the egg stage 3.3 d.The developmental rates of the D.albofrontata increased with the rise of temperature.The shortest developmental duration was obtained at 32℃.The duration of the egg stage,1st instar larva stage,2nd instar larva stage,3rd instar larvae stage and pupa stage were 3.1d,4.2 d,4.0 d,5.2 d and 10.8 d at 32℃ respectively.The developmental threshold temperatures of egg,larva,pupa and a whole generation were 11.8℃,7.5℃,9.5℃,and 10.5℃respectively.The effective accumulated temperatures of egg,larva,pupa and a whole generation were 62.7,310.5,230.7,and 716.1 day-degrees respectively,from which it could be calculated that D.albofrontata could finish 6-7 generations every year in Hainan.From 16℃ to 28℃,the survival rates of different instar larva of D.albofrontata increased with the increase of temperature.Under the same temperatures,the 3rd instar larvae got the highest survival rate（100%） from 20℃ to 32℃,which meant that older larvae had stronger adaptation to temperature.The longevity of female adult and the oviposition duration decreased with the rise of temperature,while the total numbers of egg laid and the numbers of egg laid per day increased with the rise of temperature.It was concluded that the most suitable temperature range for D.albofrontata population growth was 28℃-32℃ based on the developmental duration,survival rate,developmental rate,longevity and fecundity.
出处
《环境昆虫学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期203-208,223,共7页
Journal of Environmental Entomology
基金
公益性行业科研专项项目"入侵昆虫综合防治技术研究与示范推广"(201103026)
螺旋粉虱天敌与利用技术引进及应用推广(2010-Z8)
关键词
白面叉草蛉
温度
发育
繁殖
存活
发育起点温度
有效积温
Dichochrysa albofrontata
temperature
development
reproduction
survival
the developmental threshold temperatures
the effective accumulated temperatures
