摘要
河流生态流量是生态水文研究的重要部分,其相关理论和计算方法一直是当前国内外学者研究的热点。尝试基于随机流量历时曲线计算河流系统的生态流量,给出了维持河流生态系统健康各等级流量的历时或频率,并进而估算生态需水,为流域水资源的合理配置提供参考。以松花江干流8个断面为例,研究结果表明,在随机流量历时曲线上基于Q97,10估算得到的最小生态需水量与7Q10法所得到的需水量数值接近且相关性好,而基于保证率P=75%的随机流量历时曲线可求得河道的适宜生态需水量。研究区内嫩江流域大赉断面以上河段最小生态需水量、适宜生态需水量分别为4.6亿m3和99.1亿m3,约占总水资源量的2.6%和56.2%;松花江下游佳木斯控制断面以上河道最小生态需水量、适宜生态需水量分别为79.1亿m3和388.9亿m3,约占总水资源量的13.4%和65.7%。
Determination of ecological instream flow requirements has attracted great research efforts since the last decade, for its importance in maintaining the health of the riverine ecosystem. Various approaches have been proposed to estimate the ecological instream flow requirements, but it is still far from solved. In this paper, the stochastic flow duration curve method is introduced focusing not only on the magnitude of flow but also on the duration of a specific flow level. Moreover, ecological instream flow requirements can be estimated by the integration of SFDC in the frequency domain. In the case study of Songhuajiang Basin located in the Northeast of China, it is found that the minimum and moderate ecological instream flow requirements of a river can be estimated by Q97.10, SFDC with reliability of 75 %. According to the SFDC method, it is estimated that the minimum and moder ate ecological instream flow requirements of Nenjiang are 0. 46×10^9 m3 and 9.91× 10^9 m3 ,accounted for 2.6% and 56.2% of local water resources respectively. In lower reaches of Songhuajiang, minimum and moderate ecological instream flow requirements are 7.91×10^9 m3 and 38. 89×10^9 m3 ,accounted for 13. 4%and 65.7% of the annual runoff respectively.
出处
《南水北调与水利科技》
CAS
CSCD
2011年第3期118-123,共6页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCXZ-YW-Q06-1)
关键词
随机流量历时曲线
河道生态需水量
生态流量
松花江流域
stochastic flow duration curve （SFDC）
ecological flux
ecological flow
Songhuajiang Basin
