摘要
干旱胁迫条件下,小麦相关基因受到激活并表达产生干旱胁迫蛋白,主动适应干旱环境、维持个体存活和产量形成。介绍了小麦中一些干旱诱导蛋白及相关基因的研究进展,包括不同小麦品种、胁迫程度、发育阶段的差异性反应和共性特征、对主要干旱信号物质ABA和Ca2+的差异应答、以及新近发现的干旱诱导蛋白及相关基因的生物学特性及主要功能等。对于干旱诱导蛋白来说,研究手段和目标从过去以单向电泳技术为主、揭示蛋白条带的表达差异转到现在以双向电泳技术为主、以揭示蛋白质组中干旱诱导蛋白结构和功能的耦合。对于干旱诱导蛋白相关基因来说,研究内容主要包括功能基因和调控基因两大类,功能基因研究主要集中在LEA蛋白基因和透物质合成酶基因等几大类型上,而调控基因研究主要集中在转录因子和蛋白激酶等相关基因及其作用。对干旱诱导蛋白及相关基因在小麦栽培管理和产量育种中的应用前景展开了讨论。
Under drought stress,target genes in wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） need to be activated and expressed to produce drought-induced proteins,enabling plants to actively adapt to drought,and to maintain survival and yield formation.Drought-induced proteins can be divided into two categories according to their function,one are the proteins that prevent cell dehydration with direct protective function such as LEA proteins and metabolic enzymes,etc.,and the second are the transcription factors and protein kinases that are involved in cell signal transduction or gene expression regulation with indirect protective function.This paper summarizes recent advances in drought-induced proteins and their related genes in wheat,including the different responses and common features among wheat varieties,stress levels and developmental stages.Also,the different responses to ABA and Ca2＋,the major drought signals,the biological characteristics and the major functions of the newly-discovered drought-induced proteins and the related genes are discussed.In research on drought-induced proteins,the methods and objectives have shifted from revealing the differences in the expression of protein bands using the one-way electrophoresis-based technique in the past,to currently exploring the coupled structure and function of drought-induced proteins in the proteome with two-dimensional electrophoresis technology.To date,the hot issues of research have focused on the relationship of drought-induced proteins with signal transduction,material transportation,reactive oxygen groups,carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism.There are two predominant categories of genes,regulatory genes and functional genes,which are related to drought-induced proteins.The research on functional genes is concentrated on the LEA protein genes,D-responsive protein genes,the gene encoding photosystem II polypeptides and the synthase genes of osmotic regulatory substances.The research on regulatory genes is focused on gene transcription factors and the genes related to protein kinases and their roles.According to the latest report（2010）,the world′s first wheat genome draft has been completed,which has laid the foundation for drawing a complete map of the wheat genome.This important progress will help to reveal the physiological function and ultrastructure of drought-induced proteins in wheat.The experimental material used in this genome sequence mapping is a wheat variety called by ＂Chinese Spring＂.It can be used as a critical test line to develop new wheat varieties in the future to cope with food shortages.In recent years,the rapid development of plant ＂cross talk＂ theory played a great supporting role for the isolation,identification and sequencing of drought-induced proteins and related genes in wheat.Despite progress in this field,the understanding on the structure and function of some drought-induced proteins and relevant genes still remains unclear because the wheat genome is very large,and there are a lot of duplicate and redundant genes.Finally,the prospect of drought-induced proteins and the related genes in wheat cultivar development and breeding is discussed.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第9期2641-2653,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30970447和31070372)
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-07-0396)
兰州大学人才引进专项项目(582449)
关键词
小麦
干旱相关基因
干旱诱导蛋白
脱落酸
wheat
drought-related genes
drought-induced protein
abscisic acid（ABA）
