摘要
均衡原则要求同一个试验因素各水平组之间除了所考察的因素取不同水平外,在一切非处理因素方面应尽可能达到均衡一致。均衡原则有利于使所考察的试验因素的不同水平对观测结果的影响能真实地显露出来,它需要在试验设计方案的多个环节上予以关注和体现,尤其应注意发现所研究的问题中的全部重要非试验因素并对其进行妥善处置,包括制定合理的受试对象的"纳入和排除标准"、按重要非试验因素对受试对象进行分层随机化、实施过程和数据管理过程中的严格质量控制和采用协方差分析方法等统计分析技术处理资料。在已发表的众多学术论文中,不难发现,在均衡性方面出错的论文所占的比例是相当高的。本文在提出提高均衡性策略的基础上,对均衡性方面出现的部分错误案例进行了辨析与释疑。
The principle of balance requires that the research groups under the same experimental factors are balanced in all important non-experimental factors.It balances the influence of important non-experimental factors among different research groups,so that the effect of all experimental factors at each level will be truly revealed.The principle of balance should be valued and embodied in many links of the research plan,especially all important non-experimental factors involved in the research,which should be considered thoroughly and coped with properly.The following aspects are included： setting appropriate including and excluding criteria of research subjects,performing stratified randomization to research subjects based on important non-experimental factors,taking strict quality control measures during the processes of implementation and data management,and analyzing data by adopting statistical methods like covariance analysis,etc.In lots of published papers,it is easy to find that many of them have problems with respect to the principle of balance.Therefore,this article not only puts forward some methods to improve balance,but also gives examples which have problems concerning the principle of balance as well as discriminations and explanations.
出处
《药学服务与研究》
CAS
CSCD
2011年第1期11-14,共4页
Pharmaceutical Care and Research
关键词
统计学
试验设计
均衡原则
非试验因素
分层随机化
statistics
experimental design
the principle of balance
non-experimental factors
stratified randomization
