摘要
为探明不同栽培方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系,以超级稻淮稻9号和徐稻3号为材料,比较研究旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种栽培方式水稻分蘖发生与成穗特点及其生产力和对产量的贡献。结果表明,不同栽培方式水稻产量差异极显著,手栽稻最高,直播稻最低。机插稻和直播稻主茎和一次分蘖群对产量贡献大,尤其是直播稻,主茎产量比例达27.5%,二次分蘖群仅5%左右,而手栽稻主茎产量比例小（16.7%）,二次分蘖群产量占近20%。一次分蘖群产量比例不同栽培方式间变化幅度较小,都在65.84%67.09%之间。手栽稻分蘖发生叶位数多,且茎蘖成穗率高,单株成穗数多;一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1至第10叶位,其中第5至第8叶位分蘖发生率与成穗率较高,二次分蘖群以1/5、1/6、1/7发生和成穗为主。机插稻分蘖发生比较集中,一次分蘖群发生在主茎第3叶至第7叶位,第4至第7叶是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位,二次分蘖群发生以1/4、2/4、1/5为主,但主要依靠1/4成穗。直播稻一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1至第5叶位,其中第1至第4叶位分蘖发生率与成穗率较高,二次分蘖发生较多,但仅在1/1、2/1、1/2有成穗,且成穗率很低。3种栽培方式均未见三次及三次以上分蘖发生。各栽培方式主茎及优势叶位分蘖群生产力高、穗部性状好,对产量贡献大,产量的85%以上来自这些茎蘖。说明不同栽培方式水稻分蘖发生与成穗规律是不同的,提高茎蘖成穗率,增加单株成穗数,充分发挥分蘖群的调控作用,对提高产量具有重要意义;同时生产中应根据各种栽培方式的实际,应用各自配套的管理技术措施,通过密、肥、水等的精确合理调控,促进优势叶位分蘖早发、多发,抑制无效叶位分蘖发生,提高群体质量,发掘优势叶位的增产潜力,从而实现不同栽培方式水稻的高产高效生产。
To explore tillering characteristics and its relationships with population productivity of rice under different cultivation methods in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River,we compared the characteristics of rice tillering and panicle formation and its productivity and contribution to yield with two super rice cultivars Huaidao 9 and Xudao 3 by using three cultivation methods,precision artificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedlings,mechanical transplanting with small seedlings and direct seeding.Results showed that rice yields by using different cultivation methods were significantly different,artificial transplanting rice was the highest,while direct seeding rice was the lowest.The great contribution to yields of mechanical transplanting rice and direct seeding rice were mainly from main stem and primary tillers group,in particular for the direct seeding rice,the proportion of stem yield was up to 27.5%,that of secondary tillers group only about 5%.However,for artificial transplanting rice the stem yield proportion was small（16.7%）,yield of secondary tillers group accounted for nearly 20%.The proportion of primary tillers group yield was relatively stable among the different cultivation methods and it ranged from 65.84% to 67.09%.The number of tiller leaf position of artificial transplanting rice was more,earbearing tiller percentage was higher and panicle number per plant was more.The primary tillers group emerged from leaf 1 to leaf 10 on main stem,among them the tillers from leaf 5 to leaf 8 had higher emerging rate and more panicles,secondary tillers group emerged and earbeared mainly in 1/5,1/6,and 1/7.Tillers of mechanical transplanting rice had a more concentrated emergence,the primary tillers group emerged from leaf 3 to leaf 7 on main stem,among them leaves 4 to 7 were the superior positions for tiller emerging and panicle formation,secondary tillers group emerged mainly in 1/4,2/4,1/5,but earbeared mainly in 1/4.The primary tillers group of direct seeding rice emerged from leaf 1 to leaf 5 on main stem,among them the leaf positions of 1 to 4 had higher rate of tiller emerging and panicle formation,secondary tillers emerged more,but earbeared only in 1/1,2/1,1/2,with a very low earbearing percentage.These three cultivation methods did not give tillering three times and more than three times.The tillers group of main stem and superior leaf positions in each cultivation method had higher population productivity and better panicle traits,made great contributions to the yield,and more than 85% of the yield came from these stems and tillers.The results suggested that the tillering and panicle formation law by different cultivation methods is different.It is indicated that increasing percentage of earbearing tiller and panicle number per plant and playing regulation fully of tillers group will improve the yield.In rice production,we should enhance the superior leaf position tillers’ emergence and flowering frequency,inhibit invalid tillers,improve the population quali-ty,explore the way to increase yield potential of the superior leaf position by using the consequentially supporting management measures and through the precise regulation of density,fertilizer application and irrigation based on the actual various cultivation methods,consequently,achieve the target of high yield and efficient production under different cultivation methods.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期309-320,共12页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03)
江苏省科技支撑计划重大项目(BE2008355
BE2009425)
超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项)资助
关键词
栽培方式
超级稻
分蘖特性
群体生产力
Cultivation method； Super rice； Tillering characteristics； Population productivity
