摘要
通过田间定位试验,运用群落生态学方法研究了5种耕作方式下冬小麦田杂草的群落结构及其物种多样性。结果表明,与旋耕相比,免耕及免耕覆盖秸秆区多年生杂草种类较多,但处理间物种丰富度差异不显著。3种免耕处理区麦家公综合优势度比显著低于旋耕区,荠菜综合优势度比则显著提高,旋耕秸秆还田可显著降低麦家公的综合优势度比、提高播娘蒿的综合优势度比。不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落的物种多样性影响显著,通过群落相似性指数(Bray-Curtis index)及聚类分析,5种耕作方式处理区杂草群落可以分为2类,Ⅰ类包括NT、NTS6000、NTS3000,耕作方式为免耕,Ⅱ类包括RTS、RT,耕作方式为旋耕,其中,Ⅰ类的物种丰富度略大,物种多样性及群落均匀度均显著大于Ⅱ类,而群落的优势度显著小于Ⅱ类。
The effects of rotary tillage with no stubble（RT）,rotary tillage with straw incorporation（RTS）,no-till without stubble（NT）,no-till with 6 000 kg/ha（NTS6000）,and no-till with 3 000 kg/ha（NTS3000）,on weed communities structure and species diversity was studied in field experiments using a community ecology method.Compared with RT,the NT,NTS3000,and NTS6000 treatments increased perennial weed species,but there was no significant difference in the species richness.NT,NTS3000 and NTS6000 significantly reduced the summed dominance ratio（SDR） of Lithospermum arvense,but increased the SDR of Capsella bursa-pastoris.RTS significantly reduced the SDR of L.arvense,but increased the SDR of Descurainia sophia.The species diversity of weed communities varied significantly between different tillage systems.The Bray-Curtis index and hierarchical cluster analysis classified the weed communities of different tillage systems into two categories： CategoryⅠ（NT,NTS6000 and NTS3000） where no-till was implemented,and category Ⅱ（RTS and RT） where rotary tillage was implemented.The species richness of categoryⅠwas a little larger than that of category Ⅱ,but the species diversity and community evenness were much larger than those of category Ⅱ.However,the community dominance of category Ⅰwas significantly smaller than that of category Ⅱ.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期15-21,共7页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家"十一五"科技支持重大资助项目(2006BAD08A09)
山东省自然科学基金项目(Y2007D67)资助
