摘要
有色稻米是一类特异水稻种质资源,主要由不同色素沉积在水稻种子的种皮内而形成,有色稻米富含蛋白质、氨基酸、植物脂肪、纤维素和人体必需的矿物质,具有特殊的生理功能,而且有色稻米种皮内的色素可作为安全的天然色素用做食品添加剂。其中最为常见的是红色稻米与紫色稻米。水稻红色种皮是由于其种皮内含有原花色素所致,该性状受Rc/rc和Rd/rd2对基因控制,红色为显性,白色为隐性。RcRd表现红色,Rcrd表现褐色,rcRd和rcrd则呈现白色。Rc已被定位于水稻第7染色体上,而Rd则位于第1染色体上。前人研究表明,Rc基因编码一个典型的含bHLH结构的Myc类转录因子,其第6外显子内一个14bp片段的缺失致使种皮颜色由原先的红色变为白色。水稻紫色种皮是由于其种皮内沉积花色素苷所致。该性状由基因Pb与其互补基因Pa共同作用导致。当Pa基因单独存在时,种皮呈白色;当Pb基因单独存在时,种皮呈棕色;当Pb基因和Pa同时存在时,种皮呈紫色。Pb基因已被定位于水稻第4染色体上,而Pa基因则位于第1染色体上。
Colored rice is the type of rice with pigments deposited in their grain pericarp,red rice and purple rice are the two most common types of it.It is rich in component of nutrition,such as protein,amino acid,fats,fiber,minerals and so on.It was grown and consumed in China with a long history.Proanthocyanidins is the major flavonoids of the red rice,red pericarp characteristic of rice is dominant over that of white pericarp.The red pericarp were controlled by two genes（Rc/rc and Rd/rd）,Rc gene was mapped on chromosome 7,and Rd gene was mapped on chromosome 1.It was reported that a 14bp deletion within the exon 6 of the Rc gene caused the mutation from red to white color of pericarp.Anthocyanins is the major flavonoids of the purple rice,the purple pericarp characteristic of rice is dominant over that of white pericarp.The purple pericarp were controlled by two genes.Pb gene was mapped on chromosome 4,and Pa gene was mapped on chromosome 1,respectively.
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期13-18,共6页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
天津市农业科学院院长基金项目资助(09012)
关键词
有色稻米
红种皮
紫种皮
Colored rice
Red pericarp
Purple pericarp
