摘要
The paper aims to study the impacts and countermeasures of climate change on animal husbandry in Qinghai plateau and its surrounding area,and evaluate the effect of countermeasures.Results showed that：First,the annual mean temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend in Qinghai plateau during the time from 1961 to 2008; the annual precipitation had not obvious change,but the obvious feature of seasonal change; wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend during the time from 1961 to 2008.Secondly,under the current climate condition,grassland productivity showed a decreasing trend,and the grassland theoretical capacity affected by grassland productivity decreased too; warm winter was in favor of livestock overwintering safely,which resulted in a high level of the survival rate of young stock; temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing were beneficial to the fatness of livestock,but the meat yield of livestock was affected by some negative factors such as grassland degradation; livestock diseases had a close relationship with weather condition,and adverse weather condition may arose many diseases of livestock.Thirdly,in view of the current problems of livestock production,we took a series of countermeasures including grass industry construction,livestock improvement,developing new modes of animal husbandry,control and prevention of stockbreeding diseases and insect pests and recovery of meteorological disasters,which played a important role in promoting grassland productivity,solving the problem of the imbalances between livestock and forage,protecting the ecological environment and improving livestock performance.
归纳总结了气候变化对青海高原及周边地区畜牧业的影响,并评价了各地所采取的应对措施的效果,结果表明:①1961～2008年青海高原年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈显著增暖趋势;年降水量几乎无明显变化,但具有显著的季节变化特点;风速和日照时数逐年减小。②在当前气候变化条件下,草地生产力呈减少趋势,受其影响,草场理论载畜量也呈减小趋势;暖冬较有利于牲畜安全越冬,幼畜成活率维持在一个较高水平;气温升高,降水减少有利于牲畜抓膘育肥,但牲畜产肉量还受草场退化等众多负面因子的影响;家畜疾病与气象条件关系密切,不利的气象条件可引发家畜的许多疾病。③针对当前畜牧业生产所面临的问题,各地采取了草业建设、畜种改良、发展畜牧业新模式、牧业病虫害防治、气象灾害防御等措施,其在提高草地生产力、解决草畜失衡、保护生态环境和提高牲畜性能等方面发挥了重大作用。
