摘要
根据土壤养分状况,设定最佳(OPT)施肥处理,并在此基础上做减素处理、喷施叶面肥、加种衣剂等,研究了平衡施肥对黑龙江省松嫩平原黑土区大豆生长发育、产量效益的影响。结果表明:平衡施肥对海伦、庆安和依安大豆生长发育、产量和效益有明显的正效应。海伦、庆安和依安3个地区推荐施肥分别比农民习惯施肥增产7.4%、7.6%和9.5%,增效476、1089和836元.hm-2。OPT+叶面肥处理有助于大豆产量的提高,而OPT+种衣剂处理未表现出显著增产效果。钾是黑土区限制大豆产量的主要土壤养分因子,其次是磷和氮。从肥料农学效率看,大豆增产肥料贡献率表现为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。松嫩平原黑土区大豆生产农民习惯施肥中磷肥用量偏高,而钾肥用量不足,微肥重视程度不够。
According to the content of soil nutrient, the optimal treatment（OPT） , nutrient omission treatments, the optimal treatment plus foliar fertilizer treatment, the optimal treatment plus seed coating agent treatment were designed. Under the condition of balanced fertilization, soybean growth and development, yield and profit were studied in the black soil areas of songnen plain in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that balanced fertilization had a significant positive effect to soybean yield of Hailun, Qing＇an, Yi＇an. Compared with farmer usual practice treatment（FP） , yield of soybean was increased by 7.4% , 7.6% , 9.5% , profit was enhanced to 476, 1089 and 836 yuan ~ ha-i respectively under OPT conditions. Yield of soybean was increased by OPT plus foliar fertilizer treatment, while not by the OPT plus seed coating agent treatment. K was the key limiting factor of black soil, followed by P and N, which restricts yield of soybean. Seen from agronomic efficiency of applied nutrient, the order of contribution of fertilizer to soybean yield was N 〉 K 〉 P. The amount of P was higher, K was not enough and microelement was ignored in farmer practice when planted soybean in black soil of Songnen plain.
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期820-825,共6页
Soybean Science
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2008BAD96B02)
国际植物营养研究所资助项目(IPNI)
关键词
平衡施肥
黑土
大豆
产量效益
农学效率
Balanced fertilization
Black soil
Soybean
Yield and profit
Agronomic use efficiency
