摘要
海啸对人类的生命和财产安全构成巨大的威胁,2004年12月26日苏门答腊特大海啸的发生,引起了国际社会对海啸预警问题的重视,并进一步认识到古海啸沉积研究的重要性。介绍了国际上对海啸预警和古海啸沉积研究的进展,重点综述古海啸沉积的研究现状、研究方法与识别标志。最近20年来,研究者们着重对滨岸、浅海或陆地上的现代海啸沉积和古海啸堆积物进行研究,而对深水区域的古海啸记录研究很少。笔者认为在海啸多发海域的深水区进行长柱状沉积物取样,通过沉积学和地球化学分析研究,把古海啸沉积从海底正常沉积中识别出来,再结合定年,有助于恢复古海啸史,明确长期的灾害风险。
Tsunami is a great threat on human＇s life and property. The Sumatra tsunami in the December 26, 2004 increased the awareness of the international society to pay more attention to the studies of tsunami prewarning and tsunami deposits. This paper reviews the status on the establishment of tsunami pre-warning systems and introduces the status, methods and the identification criteria of tsunami deposits. Geological investigation of former tsunamis is a relatively new research area. During the last 20 years, studies increasingly focused on modern tsunami and tsunami deposits onshore and shallow water environment. There are very few descriptions of deep water tsunami deposits. As a result, the recognition of tsunami deposits in the geological record is known largely from onshore and shallow marine deposits. Tsunami deposits found onshore or shallow water are subjected post-depositional alternation from a variety sources, including wave action, winnowing by wind or rain, eroding by storm, and human activities. Therefore onshore and shallow marine deposits are not ideal geologic materials for tsunami deposits study. In comparison, deep water environment is less affected by post-depositional alternation. Thus, we emphasis that the tsunami affected sediment cores retrieved from the deep water is very important in Through the analysis of sedimentology and geochemistry to distinguish the study of paleo-tsunami records. the tsunami deposits from the normal marine sediments, combined with dating, the study on the tsunami records in deep water is key to reconstruct the historical and geological tsunami history to establish the long-term hazard risk.
出处
《海洋学研究》
2009年第3期67-73,共7页
Journal of Marine Sciences
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2009CB219506)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40776038)
中国大洋“十一五”调查研究资助项目(DYXM-115-02-1-02)
基本科研业务费专项资助项目(JT0801)
关键词
海啸预警
海啸沉积
古海啸
印度洋
tsunami pre-warning
tsunami deposits
paleo-tsunami
Indian Ocean
