摘要
在石家庄栾城县进行田间试验,在充分分析覆盖试验点与对比试验点系统误差的基础上研究了玉米秸秆覆盖条件下土壤水动态演变规律。研究表明,秸秆覆盖对土壤水动态的影响主要表现在相对干旱期（8月下旬-翌年4月下旬）与土壤浅层（0-70 cm）,秸秆覆盖试验点土壤含水量、土壤水势均高于对比试验点,且随土壤深度增加,秸秆覆盖作用减弱,秸秆覆盖对180 cm以下土壤水动态影响微弱。当以地表棵间蒸发为主时,覆盖点比对比试验点蒸发量少26.7 mm,表明秸秆覆盖高效抑制土壤水无效蒸发;当以植被蒸腾作用为主时,覆盖点比对比试验点高3.3 mm,表明秸秆覆盖对作物蒸发作用影响微弱。干旱期秸秆覆盖点与对比试验点平均入渗速率分别为0.092 mm/d和0.115 mm/d,表明干旱期秸秆覆盖不利于深层土壤（220 cm以下）水入渗;而丰水期秸秆覆盖点220cm处入渗速率明显高于对比点,其平均速率分别为0.192 mm/d和0.096 mm/d,表明丰水期秸秆覆盖能有效促进深层入渗。
A field test was conducted in Luancheng County of Hebei Province to study the effect of corn straw mulching on soil water dynamics. It showed that in the dry period （the last ten - day of Aug. to the last ten - day of Apr. next year） and shallow soil profile （0 - 70 cm）, soil water dynamics was remarkably impacted by straw mulching. In dry period soil volume water and soil water potential in straw mulching experiment were higher than the control. With the soil depth increasing, the effect of straw mulching became smaller and smaller. The straw mulching made a very light impact on soil water dynamics in the depth of 180 cm. When evaporation was mainly in bare land, the amount of evaporation in the straw mulching test was 26.7 nun less than the control, which showed that straw mulching could prevent soil water from transporting to air, while the amount of evaporation in straw mulching test, in which transpiration was the primary way of water loss, was 3.3mm more than the control, which revealed that straw mulching made a very light impact on evaporation. In dry period, the infiltration velocity of straw mulching test and the control was 0. 092 mm/d and 0.115 mm/d, showing straw mulching was not in favor for soil water penetrating in the depth over 220 cm, while in wet period the infiltration velocity of straw mulching test was bigger than the control, being 0. 192 mm/d and 0.096 mm/d, respectively.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期76-82,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
中国地质科学院重点开放实验室专项基金
地下水科学与工程重点实验室(SK07014)
关键词
秸秆覆盖
土壤水动态
系统误差
演变规律
straw mulching
soil water dynamics
system difference
evolvement law
