摘要
目的了解住院患者压疮患病率,为压疮管理及监测提供依据。方法采用修正的美国护士协会护理质量指征委员会设计的压疮患病率调查表,组织伤口小组成员、科护士长、护士长和护理研究生组成的30个小组对1所三级甲等医院61个病区的2 913例患者进行调查。结果住院患者压疮患病率为1.78%,院内压疮患病率为1.54%,排除Ⅰ期压疮(28例),压疮患病率为0.82%;168例患者有压疮风险评估和复评,其中压疮患病39例,占23.21%;135例有采取减压措施的护理记录,仍发生压疮36例,占26.67%;197例患者采取了压疮预防措施,其中135例(68.53%)有压疮风险评估。结论住院患者压疮患病率低于国外相关研究,护理人员执行压疮护理记录意识欠缺。护理管理者需转变管理理念,建立非惩罚性压疮管理制度;正确认识压疮患病率,加强过程管理;完善压疮监控制度,提升压疮护理水平。
Ohjective To investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcer in a teaching hospital and to provtde reformation for pressure uxcer control. Methods The modifed pressure ulcer prevalence scale, which was previously designed by American Nurses Association, was used in this study. Totally, 30 groups of trained nurses, including members of wound care team, nurse managers, head nurses, and post-graduate students, investigated 61 units and 2 913 inpatients were involved. Results The overall rate of pressure ulcer was 1.78% the rate of hospital acquired pressure ulcer was 1.54%, and if stage Ⅰ pressure ulcer was excluded, the rate of hospital acquired pressure ulcer was 0.82 %. Totally, 168 patients were at risk of developing pressure ulcer at initial and second evaluation, of whom, 39 developed pressure ulcer, accounting for 23.21%; 135 cases, though decompressing measures had been taken, 36 still developed pressure ulcer, accounting for 26.67%. A total of 197 cases were given pressure ulcer preventing measures, of whom, 135 （68. 53% ）had been assessed for the risk of developing pressure ulcer. Conclusion The prevalence rate of pressure ulcer in inpatients was lower than results found in other countries. Nurses lack the awareness of documentation. In an attempt to boost the quality of pressure ulcer nursing, nursing managers should change their ways of management, build up pressure ulcer control system on a non-punishment basis, correctly recognize the prevalence rate of pressure ulcer, strengthen process management, improve monitoring methods.
关键词
压疮
患病率
患者安全
过程管理
持续质量改进
ressure ulcer
prevalence
patient safety
process management, continuous quality improvement
