摘要
采用大田15N同位素示踪试验,在湖北襄樊2个不同海拔的植烟生态区,研究了3个不同烟苗移栽期及施用氮肥对烤烟产量、产值和氮素吸收、利用及分配的影响。结果表明,低海拔和高海拔植烟生态区施用氮肥烤烟产量分别增加29%和19.2%,产值分别增加24.8%和25.7%。与5月5日移栽相比,推迟移栽期(5月15日或25日)对低海拔地区烤烟产量产值影响不明显,但显著提高高海拔地区烤烟产量产值10%~30%。对烤烟总氮累积量的分析表明,推迟移栽期,低海拔地区植株吸氮量增加25%~45%,而高海拔地区植物吸氮量下降6%~20%。低海拔和高海拔试验点烤烟的地上部氮肥利用率分别约为30%和21%。推迟移栽期显著提高生育前期氮肥利用率,但在中后期无明显影响。与总氮积累趋势相反,推迟移栽期,烤烟各部位肥料氮占总氮的比例,低海拔地区下降10%~40%,而高海拔地区增加15%~50%。在高海拔地区,5月中下旬移栽烟苗有利于肥料氮素的吸收利用和增产增收作用。
A field experiment with ^15 N isotope tracing microplots was carried out to study the effects of transplanting time and N fertilizer on the yields, market values and N uptake and usage in different organs of flue-cured tobacco growing in two different ecological regions, lower and higher altitude sites, in Hubei province, China. The results showed that applying N fertilizer increased the yield by 29.0% and 19.2%, and the market values by 24.8% and 25.7% for the lower and higher altitude sites, respectively. Compared to the transplanting time at 5 May, （to transplanting） or had no significant effect on the yield and market values at the lower altitude site, but increased the yields and market values of tobacco by 10% - 30% at the higher altitude. When the transplanting time was put off to 15 or 25 May, the total N accumulation by tobacco increased by 25 % - 45 % at the lower altitude site, but decreased by 6 % - 20 % at the higher altitude. The use efficiencies of nitrogen fertilizer were 30% （at the lower altitude site） and 21% （at the higher altitude）, which were improved significantly at earlier growing stage by delaying the transplanting time. On the contrary to total N accumulation, putting off the transplanting time decreased the use efficiency of N fertilizer by 10% - 40% at the lower altitude site and increased 15% - 50% at the higher altitude. It was suggested that transplanting time at late mid or last ten days of May would be good for increasing yields and market values at the higher altitude.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期513-520,共8页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖北省烟草专卖局重大攻关项目(20070301)
农业部农业公益性行业科研专项“核技术农业应用”(200803034)
关键词
烤烟
移栽期
氮肥
吸收
15N示踪
flue-cured tobacco
transplanting time
nitrogen fertilizer
uptake
^15 N tracing
