摘要
对内蒙古中部呼集高速卓资段的公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物群落进行研究,探讨人工恢复植被前后土壤动物的数量组成、结构,揭示人工恢复植被后土壤动物多样性变化规律及其影响因素,为路域生态恢复与生态建设提供科学依据。研究表明公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物的种类和数量急剧增加。未进行人工恢复植被的裸露边坡没有大型土壤动物。不论是人工恢复植被当年还是人工恢复植被1年后,西北坡大型和中小型土壤动物的数量均高于东南坡。人工植被恢复的时间不同,大型土壤动物类群数量差异显著,个体数量差异不显著,中小型土壤动物类群数量和个体数量差异均显著。土壤动物的种类组成和个体数量随着人工恢复植被时间发生变化。隐翅虫及蜘蛛,线虫、节跳虫、辐螨、革螨和甲螨它们之间相关性大,经常共同出现在人工恢复植被后各边坡,并且个体数量多。无论是大型土壤动物还是中小型土壤动物个体数量和类群数量的垂直分布均具表聚性。土壤动物的多样性受土壤pH值和有机质、全P、全N含量的影响。土壤含水量对中小型土壤动物的多样性的影响较大。通过对土壤环境因子的主成分分析结果表明,0～5 cm和5～10 cm的土壤含水量为主导因子。
Soil fauna community was studied in ecosystems near highways in regions surrounding Zhuozi Mountain, Inner Mongolia. The composition, structure and the change in the diversity of soil fauna community on the slopes of artificially restored vegetation alongside roads were found. The findings provided the scientific basis for ecological restoration and construction alongside these highways. Soil fauna was obtained from different highway slopes. The sample area was 50cm x 50cm for soil macrofauna, 10cm x 10cm for soil meso-microfauna and 5cm x 5cm for soil damp fauna. Soil macrofauna was handpicked. Soil meso-microfauna was separated by Tullgren funnel and soil damp fauna was separated by Baermann funnel. Soil pH was measured with PHS-3B acidity meter, Organic C was determined by K2 Cr2 O7 oxidation method and Total N by Kjeldahl method. Total P was analyzed using the colorimetric method with molybdenum in sulphuric acid. Total K was determined with flame photometer. A total of 37 groups,270 individuals of soil macrofauna belonging to 1 phylum,3 classes, 12 orders and 31 families were obtained. Furthermore, a total of 38 groups, 12 853 individuals of soil mesomicrofauna belonging to 3 phyla,5 classes, 13 orders, and 26 families were obtained. Groups and individual numbers of soil fauna increased rapidly after artificial vegetation restoration on highway slopes. Soil maerofauna were absent on bare slopes. The number of groups and individual soil faunas on bare slopes were approximately 2/5 -- 1/3 and 1/80 -- 1/127 of that on slopes with artificially restored vegetation, respectively. Individual numbers of macrofauna and meso-microfauna on the northeastern slopes were higher than those of southeastern slopes after artificial vegetation restoration. The difference in groups of soil macrofauna was significant on the slopes at different times of artificial vegetation restoration （F = 12. 067, P 〈0.01 ,df = 14） ,while one of individual numbers was not significant（F = 3. 166,P 〉 0.05,df = 14）. The difference in numbers of groups（ F = 4. 674, P 〈 0.05, df = 14） and individuals （ F = 7. 160, P 〈 0.05, df = 14） of soil mesomierofauna on the slopes at different times of artificial vegetation restoration was significant. Vegetation restoration, as well as time of its application had substantial influence on the number of groups and individuals of soil fauna. The individual numbers and groups of soil meso-microfauna were higher two years after vegetation restoration compared to the year of its application. There were greater correlation between Staphylinidae and Araneae. There were also greater correlation among Nematoda, Isotomidae, Actinedida, Gamasida and Oribatida. They appeared on the slopes of artificially restored vegetation at the same time, and their individual numbers were also more than others. Both groups and individuals of soil macrofauna and meso-microfauna gathered on the surface of soil in a vertically distributed fashion. Soil pH, organic content, as well as total P and total N influenced the diversity of soil fauna. Soil moisture had important influence on the diversity of soil meso- microfauna. Total K has less effect on their diversity. Soil fauna diversity was negatively correlated to the soil pH. They were also positively correlated to the soil organic contents, total N, total P and soil moisture. The results of principal component analysis indicated that soil moisture of 0 -- 5cm and 5 -- 10cm was the dominant factor affecting the soil environment.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第9期4295-4305,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家交通部西部交通建设科技资助项目“半干旱地区公路岩质边坡生物恢复加固技术研究”(200631800087)~~
关键词
公路边坡
土壤动物
人工恢复植被
多样性
highway slope
soil fauna
artificial vegetation restoration
diversity
