摘要
在人类活动的影响下,阿克苏河下游绿洲呈现出气候变化特征的差异。其中,阿克苏市夏季气温以0.20℃/10 a的速率在升高,而阿拉尔由于受绿洲效应的影响,夏季气温却以-0.27℃/10 a的速率呈下降趋势。人类干预已经成为阿克苏绿洲水资源变化的主导因素。为农业开发修建的拦河闸引水、水库蓄水等已改变了河道径流的年内变化,与中游西大桥水文站相比,位于下游的阿拉尔水文站夏季径流比重上升,春季下降。尽管近50年来天然来水量在不断增加,但由于垦植面积的扩大和粗放型农业的发畏,使灌溉引水和人类活动耗水不断增加,从而导致阿克苏河补给塔里木河的水量明显减少,阿拉尔水文站年径流量持续减少,径流量减少达17.64%。阿克苏河西大桥站水质在各时期均为Ⅰ级清洁水质,塔里木河阿拉尔的水质在绿洲农业大规模开发之前,河水未受到人为干扰,水质良好;而经过绿洲耕地开发和垦植洗盐,河水矿化度不断增加,阿拉尔站河水枯水期矿化度由1960年的0.67 g/L增加到2000年的5.27 g/L。人类活动改变了地表水的地域分配,从而影响到地下水的补给,使地下水的水位和水质发生盐化。大量引用河水漫灌,导致阿克苏河绿洲地下水位抬升,地表蒸发强烈,造成盐分积累,土壤次生盐渍化严重。
Because of human activity, climate change is different in the Aksu River oasis. Among them, the summer temperature is increasing by the rate of 0.20 ℃ / 10 a in Aksu City, and due to the effect of the oasis, the summer temperatures is decreasing by the rate of-0. 27 ℃/10 a in Aler during past 50 years. The dominant factors of water resources change is human intervention in the Aksu River oasis. The monthly runoff is changed by the stop river gateways, reservoirs and others which are constructing to meet the agricultural production. The rate of summer runoff is increasing, but the spring is decreasing in Aler Hydrological Station compared with Xidaqiao hydrological stations which is located in the upper reaches of Aksu River. Although the natural water is increasing continually from the Tianshan in recently 50 years, the water supply of Aksu River to Tarim River decreased significantly, the cause of which may be the water of irrigation and consumption is increasing due to the extension of reclamation of waste land and agricultural development. The annual runoff has been continuously reduced by 17.64% in recent 40 years in Aler hydrological station. The river water quality in Xidaqiao station is the best in all periods, and is good without human impact in Aler station before the large-scale development of agricultural. But with the development of oasis and reclamation of farmland washed salt, the salinity of water is increasing. The salinity of the river water is 0. 67 g/L in 1960 but increased to 5.27 g / L in 2000 in Aler station. The geographical distribution of surface water has been changed by human activity, thus affecting the supplies of groundwater, and the table level and water quality of groundwater have been changed. The flooding of river resulted in the ascending of water table, the evaporation strongly of surface and accumulation of salt and the serious salinization of soil.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期524-534,共11页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507)
国家自然科学基金项目(40771047)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-127)资助
关键词
人类活动影响
局地气候
水环境
阿克苏河下游绿洲
human activity impact
local climate
water environment
the artifial oasis of Lower Aksu River
