摘要
为了解周丛纤毛虫在特定海水养殖环境中的功能与地位,作者以青岛近郊一封闭式海水对虾养殖池为采集地,采用人工基质(载玻片)法对周丛类纤毛虫的群落结构进行了为期140d(以全养殖周期为时限)的调查,同时开展了环境理化因子的采集和分析。在此基础上,探讨了周丛纤毛虫群落结构参数和环境因子的相关性关系。本工作共涉及41种周丛纤毛虫,其中以缘毛类Zoothamnium和Pseudovorticella等属种类为优势类群。采集期间纤毛虫丰度和物种数量呈上升趋势,丰度分别在第100天和第120天达到高峰,物种数量则在第80天达最大值,缘毛类纤毛虫是微型群落中丰度/物种数量峰值的主要组成成分。物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数变化趋势基本一致,在第100天出现峰值。多元统计分析结果表明,周丛纤毛虫群落结构中的大部分参数与养殖水体的环境因子具有显著的相关性:物种数量和均匀度指数均与氨态氮浓度呈极显著的正相关(p<0.01);丰度和多样性指数均与氨态氮浓度呈显著正相关(p<0.05);丰度和物种数均与可溶性磷酸盐浓度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01);多样性指数与细菌密度呈显著的负相关(p<0.05)。本研究结果初步显示,周丛纤毛虫群落具有良好的自我维持和修复能力,并能较好的响应集约化海水养殖水体环境的变化。
This study aimed to investigate the ecological functions of periphytic ciliates in intensive mariculture waters. The changes of community structure for periphytic ciliates in intensive marine shrimp-farming pond were investigated during the whole shrimp-culturing period of 140 days, as well as their responses to environmental factors. Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for collecting ciliates ffom a closed intensive shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, China. The environmental factors were also collected during the whole experimental period. A total of 41 species of ciliates which belong to 21 genera were identified,and among them,Zoothamnium and Pseudovorticella were the dominant genera. Peaks of ciliate abundance occurred on about 100d and 120d, respectively, and the nlaximum of species nuinber occurred on the 80d, both of them mainly due to the ciliates which belong to peritrichida. The changes of species richness,diversity and evenness indices generally showed the similar tendency ,and two peaks appeared on 60d and 110d ,respectively. Results of multivariate analysis suggested that the similarity was prominent among the ciliate commupity structures detected on 130d, 140d and time points before the 90d, and decreased gradually compared to community structures detected on 110d, 100d and 120d. The relationships between community structural parameters of periphytic ciliates and water quality factors were analyzed. The structural parameters presented significant correlations （Pearson＇s correlation coefficient） with several environmental factors. The concentration of ammonium-nitrogen showed significantly positive correlations with species number （p 〈 0.01 ）, evenness （p 〈 0.01 ） , abundance （p 〈 0.05 ） and diversity index （p 〈 0.05 ） ; while the concentration of soluble reactive phosphate was demonstrated to be remarkably positive correlated with the abundance and species number （p 〈 0.01 ）. The results showed that the community of periphytlc ciliates had good capability to adapt to the eutrophic environment.
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期493-500,共8页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.30700069
U0633006
40506033)项目资助
关键词
海水养殖
周丛纤毛虫
群落结构
生物响应
Marine farming
Periphytic ciliates
Community structure
Biological response
