摘要
中国山地的范围一直缺乏可操作的、准确的量化方法,从而导致对山地及其内部资源、环境、人口和发展问题认识的不全面。同时,准确界定山地范围是实施数字山地战略的一项基础性工作。在前人研究的基础上,采用两种方案确定中国山地范围。方案一:将满足以下两种情况的国土界定为山地,1)海拔≥3000m;2)海拔≥300～3000m,同时相对高差>200m或坡度>25°。根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4000265km2,占中国陆地面积的41.67%。方案二:根据UNEP-WCMC的标准,将满足下述情况的国土定义为山地,1)海拔≥2500m;2)海拔≥1500～2500m,坡度≥2°;3)海拔≥1000～1500m,坡度≥5°或相对高差≥300m;4)海拔≥300～1000m,相对高差≥300m。根据此标准计算,中国山地面积为4426130km2,占中国陆地面积的46.11%。按两种方法计算所得的分省山地面积中,前5名都是西藏、青海、新疆、四川和云南。将两种方案计算的山地面积按高程划分为六级:①300～1000m(含300m),②1000～1500m(含1000m),③1500～2500m(含1500m),④2500～3500m(含2500m),⑤3500～4500m(含3500m),⑥≥4500m。根据两种方案的定义,海拔3500m以上的山地面积相等;除了方案一在300～1000m间山地较方案二多324508km2外,其余几个级别山地的面积均为方案二大于方案一的山地面积,其中2500～3500m间多133432km2,1500～2500m间多336186km2,1000～1500m间多282273km2。
It is lack of quantitative method to acquire the precise area of mountain region （MR） of China. Consequently, the viewpoints concerning to the natural resources, environment, population and development in mountain regions, are partial, even different. Calculate the area of the MR is a fundamental work to launching the Digital Mountains＇ strategy. Two models are chosen to determine the boundaries based on the previous work. Model one （ M 1 ）： those regions are taken as MR if （ 1 ） the elevation is over 3 000 m （ including 3 000 m）, or （2） the local elevation range （LER） is over 200 m （ including 200 m） or the slope is over 25 ° when the elevation is between 300 m （ including 300 m） to 3 000 m. According to the M1, the area of the MR is 4 000 265 km^2, which accounts for 41.67% to the terrestrial land of China. Model two （ m^2 ） ： those regions are taken as MR if （ 1 ） the elevation is over 2 500 m （including 2 500 m）, or （2） slope is over 2° when the elevation is between 1 500 m （including 1 500 m） to 2 500 m, or （3） the slope is over 5° or the LER is over 300 m （ including 300 m） when the elevation is between 1 000 m （including 1 000 m） to 1 500 m, or （4） the LER is over 300 m （including 300 m） when the elevation is between 300 m （including 300 m） to 1 000 m. According to the m^2, the area of the MR is 4 426 130 km^2, which accounts for 46. 11% to the terrestrial area of China. The areas of the MR in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan and Yunnan are the according to the elevation ： C1.300 - 1 000 m（including 300 m） ;C2. 1 000 - 1 500 m（including 1 000 m） ;C3.1500 -2 500 m（including 1 500 m） ;C4.2 500 -3 500 m（including 2 500 m） ;C5.3 500 -4 500 m（including 3 500 m） ;C6. ≥4 500 m. Obviously the areas of the MR in two models over3 500 m are equal （C5 ＆ C6） ; except the area of C1 in M1 is larger than m^2（the value is 324 508 km^2）, the areas of C2, C3 and C4 in m^2 are larger than M1 （the values are 2 273 km2, 336 186 km^2 and 133 432 km^2, separately）.
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期129-136,共8页
Mountain Research
基金
"数字山地原型研究"和中国科学院西部之光"山区小城镇可持续发展决策支持系统"项目资助~~
关键词
山地
范围
定义
数字山地
中国
mountain regions
area
concept
digital mountains
China
