摘要
以某苯加氢精制工程为例,探讨了焦化行业环境风险评价方法;利用该项目所在地近3 a地面常规气象观测资料,分析了当地的污染气象特征;采用风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价等环境风险评价技术方法,筛选出主要风险因子并进行风险预测,采用多烟团模式并考虑气象因素进行风险计算。结果表明:污染事故发生后,苯类物质的地面浓度最大值为3 214 mg/m3,位于距离事故发生源WNW方向约50 m处超标1 339倍,由此可知近距离污染严重;高浓度污染物主要集中在污染源附近,随着距离的延长,污染物浓度不断向下风向扩散,超标范围在6 km内。利用简化分析法,定量给出此项工程的最大可信事故风险值为7.6×10-6/a,小于化工行业风险值8.33×10-5/a,此工程风险值水平与同行业比较在可接受的范围内。
The environmental risk assessment methods of coking industry were discussed by a case study- a benzene hydrofining engineering. According to conventional meteorological data in the study area during the recent three years, the local pollution meteorological characteristics were analyzed. The main risk factors were selected by environmental risk assessment techniques and the methods including risk identification, source term analysis, consequence calculation and risk assessment. At the same time, the risk was evaluated. Considering the meteorological factors,the risk values were calculated by multiple puff models. The results show that the largest ground concentration of benzene homolog is 3214 mg/m^3 after pollution accident happened. The ground concentration to 50 m away the accident source exceeds 1339 times than that of the standard value. Thus, it is considered that the serious pollution appears near the accident source, and the higher concentration pollutants distribute near the pollution sources. The pollutants are continually diffused downwind. The concentrations within 6 km of the accident source all exceed the standard value. Based on simplified method, the maximum credible accident risk value is 7.6 × 10^-6/a,which is less than chemical industry risk value （8.33 ×10^-5/a）. Compared with the values in the same industries, the engineering risk value could be accepted.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2008年第1期67-71,共5页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
教育部重点科学技术研究项目(03053)资助
关键词
环境风险评价
污染气象
源项分析
后果计算
最大可信事故
Environmental risk assessment
Pollution meteorology
Sources term analysis
Consequence calculation
Maximum credible accident
