摘要
改革以来,中国教育机会总量的增加,特别是高等教育机会的扩大,并未如人们所预期的那样明显地缩小教育分层。改革前,由于政策干预对较高社会阶层、特别是专业技术阶层教育需求的抑制,一定程度上缩小了教育分层;改革后,中国教育分层正显现出MMI假设的诸项特征:较高阶层在高中入学阶段具有稳定的优势,同时,专业技术阶层在大学入学阶段也具有一定优势。这表明,当前通过抑制较高阶层的教育诉求来实现教育分层最小化的政策干预已经终结。但是,在教育领域内实行"补偿原则"向中下阶层倾斜教育资源的发展思路也未能如人所愿,它并未改变中下阶层在较高教育阶段的不利状况。缩小教育分层状况的另一种思路在于,不断完善社会保障制度,全面缩小各社会阶层间的生活差异。
Contrary to expectations,the increase of total opportunities for education in China,particularly in higher education,did not lead to a significant narrowing of educational disparity.Before the reform,educational disparity was to some extent lessened because the educational demands of the upper social strata,and especially of professionals,were suppressed by policy intervention.After the reform,the educational disparity assumed in the MMI(Maximally Maintained Inequality)hypothesis appeared in China:the upper strata enjoy a steady advantage in admission to senior high school,and professionals enjoy a certain advantage in university admission.That shows the end of the policy intervention that aimed to minimize educational disparity by suppressing the upper strata's demands for education.However,the compensatory developmental approach of biasing educational resources toward the middle and lower strata also did not work as expected,failing to reverse their educational disadvantages.An alternative approach to minimizing disparity in education is to perfect the social security system and comprehensively narrow the gaps in living standards between social strata.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第6期94-107,共14页
Social Sciences in China
基金
国家社科基金项目"社会主义初级阶段社会公正研究:中国城市居民地位获得(1949-2003)"(07BSH017)的研究成果之一
