摘要
于1988－1991年在青岛对中国对虾进行受精能力和受精生物学的研究。对虾采用加温和不加温培育，然后用人工授精法——水域法和滴管法授精研究精卵受精能力；应用扫描和透射电镜以及石蜡切片技术，观察精卵的形态结构和受精过程的变化。结果表明，水域法授精，精子入水后3h仍具有受精能力；卵子入水后lmin之内受精率最高只达62.7％。而滴管法授精，受精率最高可达到98％，平均值也在60％－80％之间。保持在低温的亲虾，其纳精囊中的精子，受精率都比较低，表明早期精子尚未完全成熟，卵子生理上的成熟是一瞬间之事。精卵接触后3－4min就完成了受精任务，卵子皮层反应与否与受精无必然联系。观察表明，精子呈“洗耳球”状，由核体部和顶体两部分组成。卵子皮质层排列着众多的皮质棒，遇水便立即释放于水中，形成一层透明胶质层。观察并描述了受精后精卵的外部和内部的形态变化，雌雄原核的结合以及第一次卵裂过程。
Studies on the fertilization biology of Penaeus chinesis were carried outusing the method of fertilizing in seawater and in dropper from l988 - l991. Theoverwinter and wild broodstocks collected from hizhao were divided into two groups:(1) A heating group with water temperatures of up to l4 - l5 ℃. (2) Anon-heating group (l2 ℃ ). The outside morphology and the inside structure ofthe sperm were observed using SEM and TEM those of the egg were studied usingthe conunon microscopic section technique'The results show that the ability of fertilization can preserve 3h after spermreleasing in seawater. The fertilization rate was 62.7% for the method of fertilized inseawataer within 1 min after egg releasing. Meximum rates of fertilization reach morethan 98%, with an average from 60% to 80% using the dropper method'.On theother hand, the fertilization rate is redueed in low temperature because the spermsare not completely mature'Sperms of P. chinensis , with a shape like a suction ear ball, are composed of twomain parts: a spherical nuclear bod and an acrosome. The acrosome consists ofspike, an acrosomal cone, an acrosomal cap and a cap core region containing the capcore granule. The change in a fertilized sperm can be divided into 4 stages. (l) Thetip of the spike expends and the vasicle is formed. (2) The vasicle expends and turnsaround or shrinks before dropping' (3) The acrosomal filament is released. (4) Thefront of sperm enters the egg and then the nuclear body of the sperm goes intowith the vasicle.When spawning into seawater, the egg releases the cortical rods; this cortex reac-tion can take place even without sperm-egg interaction. The course of the gamteinteraction in the temperature of l8.5℃ is: l min after fertilization, the egg releasescortical rods around it; after 4 - 5min, the sperm enters the egg and finishes thefertilization task; 10 min, the egg catries out the first maturation devision and releases the first polar body; 25min, the egg membrane (also called the fertilizationmembrane) rises up; 30min, the second maturation division is finished, releasing thesecond polar body; 55- 60min, the two pronucleus combine and form a Zygote nucle-us; 85min, the first cleavage is finished and forms two cleavage cells.The maturity of the egg is physiologically reached in a very short time. Duringthis period, some hormone is rapidly secreted in the body. With the presenee of thishormone, the egg is stimulated to reach physiological maturity. The cortical reactionof eggs is not necessarily related to the fertilization'
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第3期271-279,共9页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
基金
国家"七五"科技重点攻关项目!D17860308
关键词
中国对虾
人工授精
受精生物学
对虾
Penaeus chinensis Artificial fertilization Fertilization biology
